vertebrae through sternum
Vertebrae
Differentiate between the following:
Atlas - flat (like a map), has 2 flat parts where the occipital condyles sit
Axis - point sticking up (dens)
Cervical - smaller, more flattened; transverse foramen, small, looks like a happy baby shark
Thoracic - giraffe face; spinous process more vertical, has places where the ribs attach
Lumbar - moose face; body thick & broad
7 cervical vertebrae
Body - the thick part in the front, vertebral disks sit on
Pedicle - connects the body to the transverse process (side part)
Lamina - connects the side to the back
Transverse process - wings on the side of the vertebrae
Spinous process - the part that sticks out the back
Superior articulating facet - the smooth flat part at the top, meets with the inferior of the lower vertebrae
Inferior articulating facet - the smooth flat part at the bottom meets with the superior of the above vertebrae
Vertebral foramen - the big hole in the middle of all vertebrae
Transverse foramina - only on cervical vertebrae, the two holes on the side
Odontoid process (dens) - the pivot point on the axis
Costal facet (thoracic only) - the flattened parts on the side where the ribs attach
Sacrum
Transverse ridges - lines that kinda go across
Sacral canal - that tunnel thing on the back
Superior articular process - the smooth parts on either side of the sacral canal
Lateral crest - the big ridges on the side, diagonal
Median sacral crest - long ridge along the middle
Sacral hiatus - the opening at the bottom
Sacral promontory - the ridge thing thing round at the top (front view)
Sacral foramina - all the holes on the side of the media sacral crest
Ala - the wings on the sides (front view)
Apex - the pointy end bit
Coccyx
Articular surface - where it meets with the sacrum
Transverse processes - the top 2 pointy bits
Ribs
True ribs have a real connection (cartilage, then bone)
false ribs are at the bottom, merge into one and then attatch
Ribs 11 and 12 are called floating ribs as they don’t attach to anything
Bumps indicate the back side of a rib
Smooth surface indicates the front side of a rib
Ribs curve down, that bump points down aswell
Head: the rounded part at the back
Neck: skinnier part below the head
Tubercle: the bump that points down
Angle: where the rib starts to bend/curve
Costal cartilage connection: the smooth, flat part at the front
Costal groove: the groove in that little ridge part on the inside of the rib
Sternum
Manubrium: the top section of the sternum
Body: the main section. (middle section)
Xyphoid process: the point/tip at the bottom
Jugular notch: in the center, the divot atop the manubrium
Clavicular notch: where the clavicle sits, notches to the side, on either side of the jugular notch
Costal notches: all the little notches where the cartilage attaches to the sternum