Period Four Part 1 Test Study Guide

Jefferson’s response to the Chesapeake/Leopard Affair
Forbids American ships to sail to foreign ports and forbids American exports to foreign countries
This caused the US to sink into an economic depression

Madison tried from 1809-1812 to use diplomatic negotiations to protect American shipping, but it was unsuccessful and a war spirit in the US continued to grow
The War Hawks were a group of Southerners and Westerners who elected to Congress their leaders John C. Calhoun and Henry Clay
They demanded war against Britain to acquire Canada and against Britain’s ally Spain to acquire Florida

The issue at hand is that at this time there is the same number of slave states and free states
Compromise (written by Henry Clay):
- Missouri would be a slave state
- Maine would be a free state
- What is left of the Louisiana Territory north of the 36°30′ line (Mason-Dixon Line) would prohibit slavery
This compromise passed

Closed the Western Hemisphere to European colonization
Any attempt by Europe to establish a new colony would be seen as war
Current colonies are okay to remain
First challenge - 1863 by France when they overthrow the Mexican government and take it as a colony; Cinco de Mayo celebrates their removal in 1867
Significance
- Expressed an American sense of nationalism
- Shows American importance in foreign affairs
- An attempt by the US to isolate the entire Western Hemisphere from European affairs
- Latin America welcomed the Monroe Doctrine as a friendly offer of assistance

New western states adopted state constitutions that allowed all White males to vote and hold office
They omitted any religious or property qualifications for voting
Most eastern states soon followed suit, eliminating such restrictions
As a result, throughout the country, all White males could vote regardless of their social class or religion
Voting for president rose from about 350,000 in 1824 to more than 2.4 million in 1840 mostly as a result of changes in voting laws
In addition, political offices could be held by people in the lower and middle ranks of society
However, this could also mean that those who aren’t knowledgeable or qualified can make important decisions

Caused by Adams’s passage of the Tariff of Abomination and was based off of the Virginia and Kentucky Resolution
John C. Calhoun was the leading spokesman against the Tariff of Abomination
He wrote the South Carolina Exposition and Protest
- The federal government was created by the states to serve the states
- States have the power to declare laws passed by Congress as unconstitutional or null and void
- Calhoun also believed that states could terminate their compact with the Union and secede
Would lead to SC being the first state to secede from the US

Jackson believed in appointing people to federal jobs based on their party loyalty
Therefore, if you helped him win the election, Jackson believed he owed you a federal job, even if you were not qualified
Because Jackson owed so many supporters jobs, he advocated a rotation of office
Every couple of years a new person would be rotated into a job
Jackson believed that “no man had any more intrinsic claim to office than another”
Promoted government corruption

Caused by the Indian Removal Act
Most Cherokees denied the settlement of 1835, which provided land in the Indian territory
In 1838, after Jackson had left office, the U.S. Army forced 15,000 Cherokees to leave Georgia
This caused the deaths of 4,000 Cherokees

Caused by the South Carolina Exposition and Protest
In 1832, South Carolina was upset over the 1828 Tariff (Abomination)
They decided to nullify the tariff and then threatened to secede if the federal government attempted to collect the tariff duties within South Carolina
Jackson accepted the challenge and told South Carolina that nullification went against the Constitution, and that he would take steps against South Carolina if they nullified the law
Caused the passage of the Force Bill

Gave the President the power to use the army and navy if necessary to enforce that South Carolina follow the Tariff of Abomination
South Carolina was very upset over this, so Henry Clay will step in and write a compromise (Compromise Tariff of 1833)

Jackson took his re-election as a pronouncement by the people to revoke the National Bank’s charter
So, in 1832, Jackson vetoed the renewal of the National Bank’s charter, saying that it enriched the wealthy at the common people’s expense
The majority of voters approved of Jackson’s action
Jackson creates pet banks/wildcat banks, which are state banks
Jackson will order governemnt funds withdrawn from the National Bank and distributed to these state banks
The problem is that there are no rules for how loans are to be given out and state banks printed too much paper money
Caused many banks to go bankrupt and leads to the Specie Circular forcing people to pay in gold and silver