Functional Groups

 

    Group

Properties


Structural 

Formula

Structural

Example



Found in ...

Hydroxyl




Polar


  • OH

 

Carbohydrates

Alcohols

 

Carbonyl



- C=O




Polar



Aldehydes

Ketones

 

Sugars

Formaldehyde

Acetones

Carboxyl

-COOH

Polar

Attracts

Hydrogen

Bonds



Carboxylic Acids






  Acetic Acid

Vinegar

Fatty Acids

Vinegar

 

Amino



-NH2

Polar

Basic 

(accepts a proton)



 

 

Amino Acids

Proteins

Ammonia

Sulfhydryl

Polar






 

 

Proteins

Rubber

 

Phosphate



-PO4

Polar

Negatively charged







 

Phospholipids

Nucleic Acids

ATP


Methyl



-CH3






non-polar








 

 

Methane Gas