Functional Groups

 

    Group

Properties

Structural 

Formula

Structural

Example


Found in ...

Hydroxyl



Polar

  • OH

 

Carbohydrates

Alcohols

 

Carbonyl


- C=O



Polar


Aldehydes

Ketones

 

Sugars

Formaldehyde

Acetones

Carboxyl

-COOH

Polar

Attracts

Hydrogen

Bonds


Carboxylic Acids





  Acetic Acid

Vinegar

Fatty Acids

Vinegar

 

Amino


-NH2

Polar

Basic 

(accepts a proton)


 

 

Amino Acids

Proteins

Ammonia

Sulfhydryl

Polar





 

 

Proteins

Rubber

 

Phosphate


-PO4

Polar

Negatively charged






 

Phospholipids

Nucleic Acids

ATP

Methyl


-CH3





non-polar







 

 

Methane Gas