US History Chapter 7-9

Chapter 7

Population growth in the 1800s

  • 1790-4M

  • 1830-13M

  • 1860-31M

  • 35% per decade

  • ⅓ under 10

  • Median age 16

  • Most people live east of the Appalachians

  • Continued movement westwards

  • More conflict with Natives

  • A lot of killing

  • Many treaties are signed

  • Very one sided in favor of Americans

  • Natives and Americans have a very different idea of land ownership

  • Natives do not believe an individual can own land or animals or trees

  • They are getting punished for encroaching on land they don;t own by American standards

  • Native Americans do not band together to resist American expansion

Shawnee Tribe Coalition

  • Tecumseh

  • Very well respected

  • Persuades other tribes to come together

  • Very formidable foe towards the American’s

  • Tenskwatawa (Prophet)

  • The prophet

  • Disfigured arm due to childhood accident

  • Convinces Natives to forgo American goods

  • Encourages them to live more simply to not rely on Americans

  • Founded Prophet’s Town

  • Not many warriors live there

Prophet’s Town

  • William Henry Harrison

  • Attacks Prophet’s Town

  • Kills all the people in the town

  • He becomes very popular amongst the Americans

  • Considered a war hero

  • Propels his presidency

Thomas Jefferson’s Presidency

  • 3rd President

  • He is trying to shake off debt

  • He hates taxes

  • Cuts all taxes except tariffs

  • Cuts the government's budget

  • Kinda like Joshua

  • He defunds the police!![a]

  • Cuts back on the military

  • When he joins office his democratic-republican followers ask him to fire all of the Federalists

  • He valued ability over party

  • Not me vibes tbh

  • Made the government more efficient

  • Undermines the opposition

  • The glue that holds the party together is the opposition

  • The autism spectrum is a lot like the political spectrum

  • No I won’t elaborate

  • The Federalist party unravels and disappears in the next 15 years

  • In 1801 TJ sent a delegate to go buy land from the French

  • In 1803 Napoleon asks if TJ wants to buy all of it

  • They say yeah lol

  • The American lands double in size !!

  • $15,000,000

  • Jefferson is criticized for purchasing the Louisiana territory

  • He is labeled a hypocrite

  • He uses the Necessary and Proper clause which democratic-republicans do not agree with

Lewis Clark

  • 50 men in total

  • Embarks in 1804

  • I LOVE JOHN GREEN!!!!

Conflict with “Barbary Pirates”

  • A mispronunciation of Berber

  • The Berbers start to attack trade ships that come through the Gibraltar strait in the Barbary shores

  • The Berbers want the traders to pay tribute

  • Everybody paid them off except for the US

  • Thomas Jefferson sends the US navy to take on the Berbers

  • Inconclusive conflict

  • Very popular move by Jefferson

Marbury v. Madison (1803)

  • Plaintiff v. Defendant (plaintiff brings lawsuit to defendant)

  • You’re required to underline supreme court cases in the AP exam

  • Try to put the year the verdict was rendered

  • Italicize court cases in discussions and signature assignments

  • In 1800 Thomas Jefferson becomes president

  • The Federalists lose the executive branch and the legislative branch

  • They pass the law called the Judiciary Act which creates a lot of courts

  • They attempt to take over the Judiciary Branch

  • They pack the Judicial Branch with Federalists

  • The Democratic-Republicans repeal the Judiciary act

  • The Federalist judges are furious

  • Marbury sues James Madison for his judgeship

  • The Supreme Court has no jury

  • The justices vote and majority carries weigh

  • There is no number limit for the amount of judges

  • Chief justice is John Marshall (Federalist)

  • Chief Justice from 1801-1835

  • John Marshall has 4 justifications

  • Sides with the national (federal) government

  • Sides with the business

  • Weakens state gov’t claims

  • Increase the power of “his” Supreme Court

  • John Marshall goes against the Federalists

  • Empowers his court

  • He claims that the Judiciary act is unconstitutional

  • Creates a doctrine called Judicial review

  • Allows the Supreme Court to review legislations that the President or Senate has enacted and repeal them

  • Precedent

  • Because it has been done/claimed once in court it can be done again

Fletcher v. Peck (1810)

  • First time S.C. overturned a State law

  • Justified by Judicial Review

Aaron Burr

  • Murders Alexander Hamilton

  • He runs away and heads west

  • Tries to invade Spanish territory and carve a country for himself

  • He is arrested and taken back to the US

  • He is tried for treason

  • He is found not guilty

  • He flees to Europe

  • This sets a precedent for not targeting political opponents as treasonists

Congress + Slave Trade Compromise (1808)

  • Ends in 1808

  • Congress bans the importation of new slaves

  • The buying and selling of slaves is still legal

  • Slaves are still smuggled in

  • Wealthy plantation owners in the south support this most

  • Others will have to buy slaves from those who have more than them

War of 1812

  • Conflict between Britain and France in 1803

  • We wanted to be neutral but we are dragged into the conflict

  • They are both seizing American cargo

  • The British are impressing American sailors

  • Thomas Jefferson decides to input an Embargo

  • Embargo Act of 1807

  • Refuse to sell to France and Britain

  • It ruins the economy in New England

  • People are furious

  • People try to violate it

  • It does not work

  • James Madison becomes president in 1808

  • Passes two laws

  • Non-Intercourse Act

  • Macon’s Bill No. 2

  • Both were failures

  • 1811- Uprising in the west (-Tecumseh) War Hawks

  • 1812- Declares War against the British

  • No real objective

  • Try to attack Canada

  • Does not come to fruition

  • Kill Tecumseh

  • The British do not want to fight the Americans

  • They have a plan

  • They try General Borgoyne’s plan

  • It fails again

  • The British want to end the war in 1813 but information does not travel fast enough

  • Burned Washington DC in 1814

  • British attacked New Orleans  and was wiped out by Andrew Jackson

  • Treaty of Ghent

  • Ended the war

  • No other provision

War Consequences

  • Created national pride over win

  • 2-0

  • We never try to invade Canada again

  • Collapse of the Federalist party

  • They refused to participate in the war of 1812

  • 1814- Hartford Convention

  • New England states talked about seceding from the nation or altering the constitution to deny western and southern states

  • They are labeled as unpatriotic

  • Furthered the idea of nullification secession

  • Gigantic Rush of Americans Illinois Indiana

  • The Natives got fucked up bruh

  • Americans focus on factory production

  • We stop looking to Europe for trade

  • Gives rise politically to the war hero

  • Starts a trend of war hero’s becoming president

Chapter 8

James Monroe (5th President)

  • John Quincy Adams (Sec. of State)

  • Signs the Adams-Onis Treaty (1819)

  • Aka Florida Purchase Treaty

  • Buys Florida for $5,000,000

  • Gives up claim to Oregon

  • The US gives up claims to Texas

  • Transcontinental Treaty (1818)

  • US and Britain

  • The British make an effort to be nice to the US

  • They promise to respect our fishing rights off the eastern coast of Canada

  • They actually stick to it (Fucking assholes)

  • Both America and Britain want Oregon

  • They jointly occupy it

  • There is nobody there so it is simple

  • Formalizes the border between the US and Canada using the 49° line

Trans-Mississippi West

  • The area between the Mississippi River and the Rocky mountains

Trans-Appalachian West  [b]

  • About a third of the population lives here in the early 1800s

  • Many native american tribes are forcibly relocated

  • Many begin their life here in debt

  • They get loans and many can’t pay and get kicked off their land

  • The farmers in the West need to sell crops, but they cant sell to their neighbours

  • They need to find a new way to transport crops more efficiently

  • Most people moved here because of overcrowding

  • Land expenses have increased dramatically in the east

  • Much soil tiring in the east (No good soil left to grow crops)

  • They move to the west and produce record yields

  • Bought land rises in value and can be sold for more money than it was bought for

  • This means that settlers can keep moving west for less and less money

  • This is known as rootlessness

Transportation from the T-A West

  • Roads

  • Designed for wagons and carts

  • Carries people and goods

  • Taken by an animal or team of animals

  • Requires a lot of earth moving

  • Surface the roads with tar and crushed shells

  • The roads are very very expensive

  • They are mostly funded by state governments

  • The national road is federally funded

  • Crosses the Appalachians

  • From Cumberland, ML. to Wheeling, PA.

  • Turnpikes (Toll Roads)

  • Privately owned roads that could be used for a small fee

  • People refuse to use toll roads

  • Turnpike companies fall out of business

  • The state takes over all the turnpikes

  • Rivers

  • Flatboats

  • Can only go downstream

  • Very slow

  • Steamboats

  • Robert Fulton introduces the steamboat in 1811 (Clermont)

  • Very dangerous (explosive) me vibes

  • Canals

  • Connects two bodies of water

  • Make rivers more efficient to move goods

  • Erie Canal

  • Lake Erie to the Hudson River

  • 1825 (DeWitt Clinton Governor of New York)

  • Turns New York into the wealthiest, biggest port in the entire nation and the world.

Economic Prosperity in America

  • Farmers are making far more than ever before due to the advances in transportation technology

  • This is especially true if you are growing a staple crop

  • Staple crop= most profitable crop you can grow in that region

  • Farms are now interconnected

  • They can buy products and goods needed to survive from the market

  • A “national” market forms

 \n Banking in America

  • Farmers are paid in advance for their crops

  • In 1811 the Bank of US went out of existence

  • Huge increase in the number of banks throughout America after 1812

  • Mostly local banks

  • They start to issue banknotes

  • Congress fears an economic collapse

  • 1816- Second Bank of the United States

  • Used to make it more difficult for people to get loans

  • They have an economic collapse anyways LOL

  • Panic of 1819

  • People panic and start to withdraw all their money from their banks

  • Many banks collapse

  • The government does nothing :heeheeheha:

  • The economy fixes itself :yippee:[c]

Early Industrial Era Innovations

  • Eli Whitney’s Cotton Gin

  • Very simplistic device

  • Makes dislocating seeds from cotton much easier

  • Reinvigorates slavery throughout the south

  • Textiles are cloth products

  • There are no ready-made clothing

  • The “Put-out” System

  • Buy as much product as you can afford

  • Give it out to those that can spin the cotton into thread

  • Ask back for the spindles and pay for the work that has been done

  • Take the spindles to those who can weave the spindles into clothing

  • Ask back for the clothing and pay for the work that has been done

  • Samuel Slater

  • From memory drew plans to build a factory

  • Stolen from Britain

  • This transforms New England

  • New England’s Economic Prosperity

  • New England cannot grow any crops cus theri soil is ass!!

  • Rivers in New England go very fast

  • Work as the power sources for new factories

  • Water Mills!

  • Boston Manufacturing Co.

  • Lowell, Ma. (Lowell Mills)

  • Mill girls worked in the Manufacturing Companies

  • Come to hate working in the factory

  • Tyranny of the Clock

  • Instead of being paid for how much work you do, you are paid for the amount of time you work

  • It does not encourage efficient work

1816-1824

  • James Monroe (5th President)

  • Virginian

  • “The Era of Good Feelings”

  • Called this because the Federalist party has collapsed

  • Gives the appearance that there is political harmony throughout the nation

  • The Democratic-Republican party starts to unravel

  • They start to adopt Federalist ideas

  • Enact high tariffs (“protective” tariffs)

  • Federal aid for internal improvements (infrastructure)

  • “The American System”

  • Championed by Henry Clay

  • Dream!!!

  • The most important political figure from 1800-1850

Missouri Compromise

  • Missouri borders the Mississippi River

  • Contains the Missouri River

  • Almost as long as the Mississippi

  • Critical state due to transportation opportunities

  • St. Louis integral state on the Mississippi River

  • Missouri wants to apply for statehood

  • Applies as a slave state

  • Northerners believe that the Southerners have taken over the government

  • Southerners have taken over the executive and judicial branches

  • The Northerners have more seats in the house of representatives

  • The Northerners are worried that the south will get more seats than them

  • There is a tie for Missouri’s statehood

  • Blocked by James Tallmidge

  • Henry Clay creates a compromise (Missouri Compromise)

  • He splits Massachusetts and the northeast becomes Maine (free state)

  • Missouri is able to apply as a slave state

  • Congress draws a boundary line along the 36’30’ N.

  • Bans slavery north of the line

  • Except for Missouri

  • SPAIN'S MUSIC MADE THEM LOSE CONTROL[d]

  • Shit ton of spanish colonies declare independence

  • Huge L for Spain

  • The US is very pro-independence

  • So is Britain

  • You’re pro independence because you used to be a European colony, I’m pro independence because I like to see my neighbours weakened, we are not the same.

  • The US is worried that other European countries will be able to take these newly independent countries

Monroe Doctrine (1823)

  • A warning that we will not tolerate any new European countries to meddle in the affairs of the Western Hemisphere

  • America will also stay out of European affairs

Chapter 9

Egalitarianism (1824)

  • Universal white male suffrage

  • Egalitarianism is the push to make everyone equal/ equality of opportunity

  • There's a push to take away the process of licensure

  • America is more advanced and liberal than any other country on Earth

  • Return to the two-party system

  • Democrats + Whigs

  • Both parties are very similar

  • Democrats are against national help and the Whigs are pro

  • The amount of people able to be registered to vote who vote are the highest ever

Political Machines

  • An organization of individuals whose sole job is to get someone elected

  • Voters were bought with alcohol

  • Self-made man: Men who got to where they were on their own.

  • Americans prefer this on political terms

Jacksonian America

  • Politicians dress like the normal civilians

  • Wear dark colors to hide grime

  • Do this because of Egalitarianism

  • Art becomes the average person’s possessions instead of an aristocratic portraiture style

Election of 1824

  • John Quincy Adams, Andrew Jackson, Henry Clay, William Crawford

  • Jackson gets a Plurality

  • John Quincy Adams wins the ballot

  • Jackson's supporters are furious

  • Corrupt Bargain

  • John Quincy Adams makes a deal with Henry Clay

  • Henry Clay’s supporters vote for Adams

  • Jackson's supporters make sure that John Quincy Adams fails as a president

  • They become the democratic party

Election of 1828

  • Dirtiest election in American history

  • Mudslinging (Accusations)

  • They accuse John Quincy Adams of being a pimp

  • As secretary of state provided young women to foreign dignitaries

  • John Quincy Adams accuses Jackson of being a murderer

  • Jackson has killed people in duels and hanged people without trial

  • Jackson’s wife was labeled a slut

  • She was married to two different men

  • Jackson wins the election

  • Jackson’s wife died before the inauguration

  • Accuses Henry Clay and John Quincy Adams of killing his wife

Jackson’s Presidency

  • Fires all opposing party members, only hires those who are part of his party or supported him

  • Spoils system

  • Democratic Party

  • People who are being appointed are not very good at their jobs

  • Leads to inefficiency and corruption

  • Bane of the US government for 50 years

  • Jackson has a vendetta against Henry Clay

The Peggy Eaton Affair

  • The President and the First Lady usually appear at functions

  • First Lady is dead

  • Vice President plans functions

  • John Calhoun

  • John Calhoun’s wife is ostracized by the other women at the function

  • Jackson chooses to defend her

  • He tells his cabinet members to tell their wives to stop being bitches

  • The cabinet members are furious

  • THEY ALL FUCKING RESIGN LMFAO

  • Martin Van Buren (Bitchless) resigns

  • Jackson now hates John Calhoun

  • Jackson no longer supports his cabinet

  • Government becomes dysfunctional

  • He consults with his friends for political advice

  • Unofficial advisors

“Indian” Removal

  • Revolves around the Cherokees

  • One of the “5 Civilized Tribes”

  • They engage in the market economy

  • They grow cotton

  • They buy slaves

  • They send their kids to universities

  • They convert their oral language to a written one

  • They adopt American land policies

  • Whites are threatening to take over their land.

  • The Cherokees sue the state of Georgia

  • Marshall’s court sides with the Cherokees

  • Jackson doesnt fucking care he sends the fucking military to get rid of them :sob:

  • “The Trail of Tears”

  • 16000 Cherokees are relocated

  • 4000 of them die

Nullification Crisis

  • South Carolina is enraged by high tariff policies

  • 1828 Tariff of Abomination JQA

  • South Carolina threatens to nullify it

  • Doesn’t nullify it when Jackson wins because of Calhoun

  • 1832 South Carolina threatens to nullify it again

  • Jackson wants to input the Force Bill

  • Military force can be used to force a state to follow federal law

  • Congress doesn't want to so they just lower the rates

  • Drama simmers down

Bank War

  • The Bank of America always stabilized the economy and maintained a national currency

  • It’s always been unpopular

  • People have been getting very rich

  • The Bank is an easy target for radical Egalitarianism

  • President of the bank is Nicholas Biddle

  • Early recharter in 1832

  • On an election year

  • The only issue in the election of 1832

  • The recharter bill easily passes through senate and congress

  • Jackson vetoes that shit :crying_laughing:

  • Jackson beats Henry Clay really bad

  • Jackson fucking ends the bank of the United States

  • He wants to pull all the money out

  • He asks many people to pull the money out and no one wants to do it because its gonna fucking kill the economy

  • Roger Tawny says yes like a kissass

  • Currency is ruined :crying_laughing:

  • There’s no more bank :shocked:

  • He puts it in “pet banks”

  • Smaller banks throughout the US

  • They suddenly become very big

  • They start loaning out a lot of money

  • They print out a lot of bank notes

  • The economy fucking collapses in 1837

  • The specie circular

  • The government won't accept currency except gold and silver

  • Martin Van Buren has to deal with all this shit

Martin Van Buren’s Presidency (8th President)

  • The Whig Party forms (against Democrats)

  • Is blamed for the economic crisis

  • Martin Van Ruin

William Henry Harrison’s Presidency (9th President)

  • First Whig president

  • Native American killer

  • Great candidate

  • They believe he has a weakness, he’s never had slaves

  • Balance the Ticket

  • They find a runningmate who owns slaves

  • John Tyler (VP)

  • Tippecanoe and Tyler Too!

  • Log Cabin + Hard Cider Campaign

  • Big talker

  • Rambling letters

  • 2 and a half hour long inauguration

  • Cold

  • He FUCKIGN DIED IN 30 DAYS

  • First to die in office

  • Harrison’s death starts a trend, every president inaugurated in a year ending in 0 dies

John Tyler (10th President)

  • His Accidency

  • Holds the record for having more legitimate children than any other president

[a]True, I hate funding the police.

[b]The area between the Appalachian mountains and the Louisiana river

[c]how you gonna be cording in class

[d]This simply means that the Spanish Empire lost control in the Americas. However, it is put in the most deranged way possible.