Animal Sci Exam 2

The study of how the body uses nutrients in feed to sustain life and reproductive purposes

  • Nutrition 

These vitamins tend to be involved in regulating body function such as blood clotting and 

  • Fat soluble 


Know the difference between water and fat soluble 


Used by the body as lubricant and solvent for bodies solid components 

  • Water 

Most important nutrient

  • Water 

Esters of fatty acids and glycerol (2.25 more than carbohydrates)

  • Fat 


Monogastric or ruminant 


Leftover after water has been evaporated 

  • Ash 

Dilation of esophagus 

  • Crop 

Specialized organ in chicken for grinding 

  • Gizzard 

Collectively known as 

  • Fore stomachs 


True stomach (name) 

  • Abomacine 

Psydoruminantion in rabbit 

  • Sicotrophie 

  • Horses- copography 

Know Small intestine 3 sections and order

  • Break down of food (1)

  • Absorption (2)

  • Connect small and large intestine (3)

Belching to remove gas from esophagus 

  • Eruptation 

Chewing method used to break down food

  • Mastication 

Digested first? 

  • Carbohydrates 

Plant and meat diet

  • Omnivore 

Major carbohydrate found in plants 

  • Cellulose 

  • Broken down by microbes and produced volatile fatty acids (50% of energy needs)

Best 

  • Soybean 

Uses nutrients for all of the above 



Nutrient that must be apart of the diet

  • Essential 

Sugar starches and cellulose are all blank

  • Carbohydrate 

Most difficult to digest 

  • Cellulose 

The chemical partition dry ash 

  • Proximate analysis 

Defined as amount of heat needed to raise 1 liter of water 

  • Calories 

Means used to bring food to animals mouth 

  • Prehension 

Acts as lubricant for food

  • Saliva 

Bio and pancreatic secretions enter 

  • Aquanda 

Transported by lymphatic system, distributed to body  

  • Fat


Label diagram of cow - digestion slide 17


During a digestion trial a sow ate 5 lbs of feed twice a day that consisted of 14% protein. Trial lasted 10 days. During the trial excreted 215 lbs of feces that contained 3% protein.

  • How much feed did the sow eat? 100lbs (5+5= 10x10= 100)

  • What was nutrient intake? 14%

  • What was nutrient content in feces? 3%

  • What is the digestibility of protein? (14-3= 11 divided by 14=  x100 = 78.6%)


Why is it important to understand nutrition? Slide 2 Nutrition 


Deglutition

  • Swallowing 



Large pair of molecules in the cell

  • Pairs of chromosomes 

Short segment of chromosomes

  • Genes 

Genetic code they are made up of

  • DNA

Genetics definition 

Animals genetic makeup is called its

  • Genotype 

Two types of bases (this base is composed of admin and gaumine)

  • Purine 

In protein manufacture the process of building RNA that is complementary to DNA 

  • Transcription or translation 

  • DNA replication 

The father of genetics 

  • Gregor mendel 

Various forms of a gene that affects the same trait and effects the way it is expressed

  • Allele 

Chromosomes of similar size and shape and occur in pairs 

  • Homologous chromosomes 

An animal that has different alleles on chromosome 

  • Homozygous 

Mendel's first law 

  • Law of segregation 

Physical appearance of animal 

  • Phenotype 


Codominance exception 

  • White and black 

Incomplete dominance 

  • Gray 

If you made an animal AA to aa what percentage of the offspring would be normal phenotype 

  • 100%

  • 100% heterozygous 

What percent-  homozygous normal to heterozygous 

  • 50%

This type of trait is controlled by many genes 

  • Quantitative 

Very few genes 

  • Qualitative 

Mating of close 

  • Inbreeding 

Mating system to use two different breeds 

  • Crossbreeding 

Passed down to next generation 

  • Inheritability 

Value of animal as a parent 

  • Breeding value 

Interaction of genes at different loci 

  • Epistasis 

Application of genetic principles in selection of parents for next generation 

  • Animal breeding 

Equal opportunity to perform 

  • Contemporary group 

Prediction of different of individuals progress 

  • Expected prog difference (EPD)

  • Epd = ½ ebv 



A- 70 (breeding value)  .4(70-80) = .4 (-10)= -4 

B- 80 = 

C- 90 = 4 (produce 4 more lbs)


Sex-linked 

Sex-influenced 

Sex-limited 

Gene frequency 

Robert blackwell 


Hardy Weinberg 

Natural selection

Additive gene action 

Non-additive gene