Community Health Nursing Review

Field Health Services Information System (FHSIS) plays a crucial role in monitoring the health status and assessing the performance of local health services, ensuring that public health initiatives are effective and responsive.

Primary Purpose:
B. To monitor health status and performance of local health services, which includes tracking diseases, health outcomes, and the effectiveness of health interventions.

Components (Identify what is NOT part of FHSIS):
A. Target Client List, which outlines individuals or groups targeted for health services or interventions.
B. Monthly Consolidation Report, which aggregates monthly health data from various sources to evaluate service utilization and outcomes.
C. Annual Administrative Report that provides a comprehensive overview of health service performance over the year.
D. NOT included: Family Folder, which typically contains personal health records but is not part of the systematic data collection process of the FHSIS.

Sustainable Development Goals (SDG)
Focus of SDG 3:
C. Good health and well-being, targeting improvements in maternal health, infectious diseases, and universal health coverage.

Target Year to Achieve SDGs:
B. 2030, which sets a global timeline for nations to address various health challenges as part of a broader agenda for sustainable development.

SDG Aims to End Poverty:
A. SDG 1 aims for the eradication of extreme poverty and addressing the needs of those living in vulnerable situations.

Key Indicator for SDG 6:
B. Proportion of population using safely managed drinking water services, which reflects on the accessibility and safety of water sources for health.

Zero Hunger Goal:
B. SDG 2 aims to end hunger, achieve food security, improve nutrition, and promote sustainable agriculture.

Epidemiology
Types:
Descriptive Epidemiology focuses on disease distribution by time, place, and person, enabling public health officials to identify outbreaks and areas of concern.
B. Describes patterns of disease occurrence, though it does not investigate the causes.
Analytical Epidemiology aims to determine the cause of a disease, providing insights that guide prevention and treatment strategies.
Uses interventions to test hypotheses: C. Experimental Epidemiology, which involves trials to establish causality.
Main Goal of Analytical Epidemiology: A. To determine the cause of a disease, guiding targeted health interventions.

Types of Epidemics:

• Propagated: Series of person-to-person transmissions, often seen in communicable diseases.
• Common-source: Continuous exposure from a single source, such as contaminated water.
• Mixed Epidemics: Combination of both, indicating complex transmission pathways.

Demography and Population Health
Total Fertility Rate: Estimates the average number of children a woman is expected to have in her reproductive years, instrumental in shaping population policies.
Dependency Ratio: The ratio of economically active individuals to dependents, important for assessing economic support ratios within populations.
Population Pyramid with Wide Base and Narrow Top: Indicates C. High birth rate and low mortality rate, typical of developing countries.
Life Expectancy: Measures average years a person can expect to live given current mortality rates, reflecting public health status.
Aging Population Population Pyramid: Indicates B. Aging population with low birth rate, often associated with developed nations' dynamics.

Philippine Health Indicators
Top GDP Contributor (PSA Data):
C. Services sector, highlighting the economic influence of healthcare and social assistance on the overall economy.
Poverty Incidence: Measures proportion of families below the poverty threshold, pivotal for assessing socioeconomic health disparities.
Population Growth Driver: A. High fertility rates, which have significant implications on health and social services.

Basic Emergency Obstetric and Newborn Care (BEmONC)
Primary Goal:
B. Manage normal deliveries and provide basic emergency interventions for maternal and newborn complications, ensuring safety and health during childbirth.

Comprehensive Emergency Obstetric Care (CEmONC):
Can perform surgical procedures unlike BEmONC which is limited to managing normal circumstances and basic interventions.

Malnutrition and Nutrition Programs
Form of Malnutrition: Most prevalent is C. Stunting among children under 5 years, impacting long-term health and cognitive development.
Common Deficiency Complex: For marasmus, primarily associated with A. Protein deficiency, critical for growth and development.
Government Program for PEM: C. Supplementary Feeding Program, aiming to mitigate malnutrition.

Community Health Nursing Principles
Community Organizing Participatory Action Research (COPAR): Empowers communities to identify and solve health problems, fostering local ownership of health initiatives.

First phase:
D. Community Entry, where nurses engage with the community to build trust and assess health needs.

Disaster Management
Disaster Types:
Natural (e.g., earthquakes) vs. Human Generated (e.g., pollution), which dictate different preparedness and response strategies.

Health Emergency Priorities: Priority is to protect people at risk, and resources must be in place beforehand, including emergency health services and support.

Environmental Health and Sanitation
Water sources must be certified for potability by: C. Secretary of Health, ensuring public health safety through regulations.
Recommended for pit latrines: A. Cover to reduce flies, preventing disease transmission.

Advocacy and Leadership in Nursing
Role of Empowerment: Nurses give community members ownership and leadership roles to support health initiatives, enhancing community health outcomes.

Conclusion
In community nursing, knowledge of the health system, SDGs, epidemiology, and local demographics enhances care delivery and health outcomes.

Empowers both patients and health professionals to collaborate effectively for better community health.