CDI445 Final 1

Language Samples PowerPoint.

Language Samples Flashcards

Front: What is a language sample?
Back: A language sample is a criterion-referenced task used to evaluate a child’s spontaneous or self-generated language in natural contexts.

Front: Why are language samples considered criterion-referenced?
Back: Because the child’s language output is compared to developmental data rather than compared only to a standardized score.

Front: What do language samples evaluate?
Back: They evaluate a person’s natural, spontaneous language skills, including how they use words, sentences, grammar, and communication functions.

Front: Are language samples usually used alone or with other assessments?
Back: They are typically used along with norm-referenced standardized tests.

Front: How long does a language sample usually last?
Back: Usually about 10–15 minutes.

Front: What is the goal number of utterances for a language sample?
Back: The goal is usually 50–100 utterances.

Front: How can an SLP obtain a language sample from a child?
Back: Through natural, child-led play using joint attention to understand the child’s current language abilities.

Front: What should the adult communicator do during a language sample?
Back: Respond to the child’s speech with semantically related information that is about the same length as the child’s utterance.

Front: Should adults ask a lot of questions during a language sample?
Back: No. Questions should be kept to a minimum so the sample reflects the child’s natural language.

Front: What happens after a language sample is collected?
Back: It is recorded and transcribed so the SLP can analyze qualitative and quantitative language features.

Front: What are examples of analyses used with language samples?
Back: Mean Length of Utterance, Type-Token Ratio, Brown’s Morpheme Analysis, and Dore’s Primitive Speech Acts.

MLU Flashcards

Front: What does MLU stand for?
Back: Mean Length of Utterance.

Front: What does MLU measure?
Back: MLU measures the average length of a child’s utterances in morphemes.

Front: How do you calculate MLU?
Back: Count the total number of morphemes and divide by the total number of utterances.

Front: What is the formula for MLU?
Back:
MLU = total number of morphemes ÷ total number of utterances

Front: If a child produces 21 morphemes across 5 utterances, what is the MLU?
Back:
21 ÷ 5 = 4.2 MLU

Front: Why is MLU useful?
Back: It helps show a child’s grammatical development and sentence complexity.

Morphemes Flashcards

Front: What is a morpheme?
Back: A morpheme is the smallest unit of meaning in a word.

Front: What is a free morpheme?
Back: A free morpheme can stand alone as its own word.

Front: Give examples of free morphemes.
Back: Examples include dog, it, her, drive.

Front: What is a bound morpheme?
Back: A bound morpheme is a word element that cannot stand alone.

Front: Give examples of bound morphemes.
Back: Examples include re-, -s, and -ing.

Front: Why do bound morphemes matter when calculating MLU?
Back: Because bound morphemes count as morphemes and affect the total morpheme count.

Practice Morpheme Flashcards

Front: How many morphemes are in “Daddy go work”?
Back: 3 morphemes

Front: How many morphemes are in “We put toys here”?
Back: 5 morphemes

Front: How many morphemes are in “I like mixing colors”?
Back: 6 morphemes

Front: How many morphemes are in “Baby is sleep”?
Back: 3 morphemes

Front: How many morphemes are in “Can you help me?”
Back: 4 morphemes

Type-Token Ratio Flashcards

Front: What does TTR stand for?
Back: Type-Token Ratio.

Front: What type of analysis is Templin’s Type-Token Ratio?
Back: It is a semantic analysis.

Front: What does Type-Token Ratio analyze?
Back: It analyzes the relationship between the number of different words used and the total number of words in a sample.

Front: How do you calculate Type-Token Ratio?
Back: Divide the total number of different words by the total number of words.

Front: What is the formula for TTR?
Back:
TTR = number of different words ÷ total number of words

Front: What can TTR tell an SLP?
Back: It can provide information about vocabulary diversity and missing word classes.

Front: What word categories may be used in TTR analysis?
Back: Nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions, pronouns, negatives/affirmations, and other word types.

Front: If a sample has 10 different words and 11 total words, what is the TTR?
Back:
10 ÷ 11 = 0.90 TTR

Brown’s Morpheme Analysis Flashcards

Front: What type of analysis is Brown’s Morpheme Analysis?
Back: It is a syntactic analysis.

Front: What does Brown’s Morpheme Analysis examine?
Back: It examines whether a child is using grammatical morphemes expected for their age.

Front: What should the SLP note during Brown’s Morpheme Analysis?
Back: The SLP should note any grammatical morphemes the child uses during the language sample.

Front: What is Brown’s Morpheme Analysis compared to?
Back: The child’s use of morphemes is compared to their age range and Brown’s Morpheme stages.

Dore’s Speech Acts Flashcards

Front: What type of analysis is Dore’s Speech Acts?
Back: It is a pragmatic analysis.

Front: What does Dore’s Speech Acts analyze?
Back: It analyzes children’s utterances based on their communication intentions.

Front: What are primitive speech acts?
Back: Primitive speech acts include basic communication intentions such as labeling, repeating, answering, greeting, protesting, and requesting.

Front: Name examples of primitive speech acts.
Back: Labeling, repeating, answering, greeting, protesting, and requesting.

Front: What are examples of conversational speech acts?
Back: Request, response to request, description, statement, acknowledgement, organizational device, performative, and miscellaneous.

Front: How can the percentage of each speech act be calculated?
Back: Divide the total number in each speech act category by the total number of utterances.

Front: What is the formula for speech act percentage?
Back:
Speech act percentage = number in speech act category ÷ total number of utterances

Research and Practical Use Flashcards

Front: What did the 2016 survey ask school-based SLPs?
Back: It asked whether they use language sample analysis.

Front: What did one-third of SLPs report in the 2016 survey?
Back: One-third reported that they did not use language sample analysis in the previous school year.

Front: Which SLPs were less likely to use language sample analysis?
Back: SLPs serving middle and high school students were less likely to use it.

Front: What was one issue reported about language sample size?
Back: Many SLPs did not use samples larger than 50 utterances.

Front: What was another issue reported about transcription?
Back: Many SLPs used real-time transcription.

Front: What was the biggest reason SLPs gave for not using language sample analysis?
Back: It was considered too time consuming.

LSA Tools Flashcards

Front: What is SALT Software used for?
Back: SALT Software is used to help with language sample analysis.

Front: What is the approximate cost of SALT Software mentioned in the PowerPoint?
Back: About $200 per computer license.

Front: What is SUGAR?
Back: SUGAR is a free program for language sample analysis using word processing programs like Word or Google Docs.

Front: What are two tools that can help solve LSA usage problems?
Back: SALT Software and SUGAR.

Quick Review Flashcards

Front: What are the four major types of analysis mentioned for language samples?
Back: MLU, Type-Token Ratio, Brown’s Morpheme Analysis, and Dore’s Speech Acts.

Front: Which analysis focuses on average utterance length?
Back: Mean Length of Utterance, or MLU.

Front: Which analysis focuses on vocabulary diversity?
Back: Type-Token Ratio, or TTR.

Front: Which analysis focuses on grammatical morphemes?
Back: Brown’s Morpheme Analysis.

Front: Which analysis focuses on communication intentions?
Back: Dore’s Speech Acts.

Front: What is the main purpose of language sample analysis?
Back: To understand a child’s natural language abilities in context.