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Reconstruction - The Unfinished Project (08/29)

1. Reunion

• “Singular crawling affect”

• Lincoln's 10% plan

  • 10% swear oath -> abolish slavery (13th amendment)

  • Congress rejected it

• Wade - Davis bill

  • Abolish slavery, “Ironclad oath”, banned combatants

  • Lincoln pocket-vetoed bill

• Lincoln assassinated

• Andrew Johnson:

  • Southern Democrat, former slave owner (from humble origins)

  • Johnson's plan:

    • Revoke succession, repudiate debts, ratify 13th amendment

• Black codes: limited the rights (freedoms) of Black people

  • (couldn't bear arms, forced in labor, couldn't own property unless in town)

1. Radical Reconstruction

• Refused to recognize southern delegations

• Expand Freedmen's Bureau

• 1866 civil rights bill -> 14th amendment (1868)

• Reconstruction act of 1867:

  • All adult males had to register to vote

• President Johnson was impeached (1868)

  • He violated the Tenure of Office Act (1867)

• 15th amendment:

  • Cannot take the right to vote because of one's race

  • Did not include gender

1. Republican South

• Republican state government

  • Freedmen, Carpetbaggers, scalawags

• Diverse coalition = diverse goals

• Largely ineffective

  • Too diverse, too corrupt, and problems too large!

• Sharecropping:

  • Compromise

  • Crop-lien system

    • Debt

    • Mono-cropping + soil depletion

1. “Redemption”

• Discredit republican governments as chaotic, corrupt and ineffective.

• Played the “race card” to split republican coalition

• Southern terrorism:

  • KKK 12/14/65, Federal enforcement Acts 1870-71

• Loss of Northern will

  • Southern resistance

  • Corruption

  • Panic of 1873

    • Splits republicans

• The election of 1876

  • Hayes (Republican) vs. Tilden (Democrat)

• Compromise of 1877

• Legacies

  • Legal: 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments

  • Political: Federal Government supreme

  • Social: strong black institutions/ communitiesThe Western Expansion (09/03)

The Western Expansion (09/03)

Outline:

1. The Gold Rush

2. The “Indian Problem”

3. Railroads + Industry

1. The Gold Rush

• The Mexican-American War

  • February 1848, Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

• January 1848, Stutter’s mill

  • Wanted to keep quiet about that gold on his property

    • July 1848, news of gold reaches the East coast

    • December 1848, Polk confirms

      • The 49ers!

• Placer Mining -> Hydraulic Mining

  • To get the motherload!

  • This had a major environmental impact

    • Debris in lakes, rivers, creeks, etc…

    • Mountains were destroyed

  • This changed the mining industry

1. The “Indian Problem”

• 1851, ft. the Laramie treaty

• 1858, Pikes peak

  • 1861, ft. the Wise treaty

• 1864, the Sand Creek Massacre

  • This triggers:

    • The Red Cloud’s war (1864-1868)

• 1869, Grants peace policy

  • Reservations

    • Increased dependency

  • Education

    • Cultural genocide

• Tribal culture endures

  • Selective incorporation

1. Railroads and Industry

• 1862, Pacific RR act

  • Central pacific and union pacific RRs

  • Land grants

  • Financial incentives

• Promontory point, (May 10th 1869)

• 1874, Gold in the Black Hills

  • George Armstring Custer (idiot)

• 1876, Battle of Little Bighorn

• Bison’s demise

  • Market pressures, railroads, federal military

• Long drives

  • Free grass

  • RR depots become “cow towns”

• 1862 Homestead Act

  • 160 acres of free land

  • RR and boosters

• Drought and blizzard of 1886-1887

Homework (09/03): The Three Accounts

1. Account #1

• Indians moved to the fort

• Conspired together to kill Crazy Horse

• Crazy horse runs to the Spotted Tails camp

• Crazy horse was captured and taken to jail

• Crazy horse was stabbed

1. Account #2

• The Indians were called to the fort

• Crazy horse was going against the chiefs rules

• Hedog and A.H. set out to kill crazy horse

• Was told Crazy horse ran away

• Crazy horse was captured and stabbed