Goal: Improve spoken English for everyday situations.
Use as self-study or supplementary material.
Focus on various speaking skills:
Starting, continuing, directing, and ending conversations.
Dealing with interruptions and asking for clarification.
Making requests, giving advice, sharing opinions.
Structure: 20 units, each with a consistent format.
Useful tips, conversations, understanding exercises, speaking practice, language and cultural notes.
Tips for Small Talk:
Comment on ordinary things with enthusiasm.
Find common ground with listeners.
Match listener's mood; avoid one-word answers.
Key Strategies:
Find commonalities, show interest.
Effective Responses:
Use any information from the speaker to keep the conversation flowing.
Echo their words for engagement.
Ask open-ended questions.
Polite Interruptions:
Wait for an appropriate moment to add your point.
Use phrases like "Excuse me," or "Sorry, can I just say...?"
Handling Interruptions:
Remind listeners you were speaking to regain the conversation flow.
Strategies:
Offer information before asking questions.
Use indirect questioning with statement tags.
Build relationships by using names and inclusive language.
Tips:
Use simpler words, explain the word, or compare it with opposites.
Use examples to clarify meanings.
Tips for Changing Topics:
Self-interrupt respectfully to transition topics.
Maintain some connection to the previous subject for smooth transitions.
Strategies for Suggestions:
Apologize for negative responses; suggest alternatives.
Be positive when responding.
Polite Requests:
Use "Could," "Would you mind," etc., to soften requests.
Start with apologies to show consideration.
Advice Giving:
Show empathy and understand the other’s situation.
Help them consider all options.
Expressing Opinions:
Neutral: "In my view..."
Strong: "I strongly believe..."
Agreeing:
Use phrases like "I totally agree" or express qualified agreement.
Disagreeing:
Start with a polite apology, then state your disagreement.
Delivering Bad News:
Be gentle, express empathy, and offer support where possible.
Polite Refusals:
Emphasize with "really" or "very" with apologies and brief explanations.
Complaining Tactfully:
Apologize for needing to complain, assume no malice in the issue, and suggest solutions.