PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT

Lesson 1a- Knowing Oneself

Human Development and Self

What is development?

• a progressive series of changes thatoccur in a predictable pattern as theresult of interactions between biological and environmental factors

• the act or process of growing or causing something to grow or  become larger or more advanced

What is Human Development?

• developing through the many changes that take place in the life of human beings as a result of many factors

• attempts to understand how human grow in different aspects: physical, mental, emotional, social behavioral, spiritual, etc.

3 aspects or Domains of Human Development

1. Physical Development

• The growth of the brain, motor and sensory skills, even physical health

2. Cognitive Development

• The capacity to learn,to speak, to understand,to reason, and to create.

3. Psychosocial Development

• Social Interactions with other people,our emotions,attitudes self-identitiy,personality,beliefs ,and values

How is Human Development Influenced?

Heredity: inborn traits passed

the generation of offspring

m both sides of the biological

rents' families

Environment: the world outside ourselves and the experiences that result from our contact and interaction with this external

World

Maturation : Natural progression of the brain and the body that affects the cognitive,psychological, and social dimension of a person.

Personality Development vs Personal Development

Personality Development

• process where a person learns set of emotional qualities and ways of behaving (table etiquette, sit properly and walk with grace, dress appropriately and communicate better)

• image enhancement (skin care and make-up, fashion and clothing, even body contouring, modeling, beauty pageant, etc.)

Personal Development

• process where a person reflects

upon themselves, understand who

they are, accept what they

discover about themselves, and

learn (or unlearn) new sets of

values, attitudes, behavior, and

thinking skills to reach their fullest

potential as human beings

Defining “ Self “

• In philosophical terms, it is the being, which isthe source of a person's consciousness.

• the agent responsible for an individual's thoughts and actions.

• an intangible entity that directs a person's thoughts and action.

• In. psychology, sociology, or religion, it is the essence of a person: his thoughts, feelings and actions, experiences, beliefs and relationships. values, principles,

SELF

• Includes a person's life purpose, meaning, and aspirations

• Therefore, when we speak of the "Self", we will describe it in personality terms since personality is also referred to as the set of behaviors, feelings, thoughts, and motives.

 Knowing Thyself

• Socrates maintained that the most important thing to pursue was self-knowledge, and admitting one's ignorance is the beginning of true knowledge.

• According to Plato, one of Socrates students, the beginning of knowledge is self-knowledge.

• The ancient Hindu writings Upanishads confirmed, "Enquiry into the truth of the "Self" is knowledge.

• The Persian poet Rumi ruminated, "Who am I in the midst of all this traffic?"

• The American poet Walt Whitman celebrated his "Self" as 'simple, separate person."

PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT

Lesson 1b- Knowing Oneself

Personality and Its Dimensions

Gordon Allport defines

personality as "a pattern of

habits, attitudes, and traits that

determine an individual's

characteristics, behaviors, and

Traits"

Personality

• refers to the unique and relatively enduring set of behaviors, feelings, thoughts, and motives that characterize an individual (Feist and Rosenberg, 2012)

Two key components of

Personality:

1. Uniqueness

2. Enduring or consistency

Factors that Influence Personality

1. Nature ( heredity or make-up )

2. Nurture ( Environment )

Five universal dimensions of personality

OCEAN

-Openness to experience

-Conscientiousness

-Extraversion

-Agreeableness

-Neuroticism

Trait theories of personality have long

attempted to pin down exactly how

many personality traits exist

Earlier theories have suggested a

various number of possible traits

Gordon Allport's list of 4,000 personality traits

Raymond Cattell's 16 personality factors

Hans Eysenck's three-factor theory.

• However, many researchers

felt that Cattell's the ory was

too complicated and Eysenck's

was too limited in scope.

• As a result, the five-factor

theory emerged to describe

the essential traits that serve

as the building blocks of

personality.

• Today, many researchers believe that there are five core personality traits.

• Evidence of this theory has been growing over the past 50 years, beginning with the research of D. W. Fiske (1949) and later expanded upon by other researchers including Norman (1967), Smith (1967), Goldberg (1981), and McCrae & Costa (1987).

Big Five Dimensions of

Personality

The five broad personality traits described by the theory are:

1. Extraversion

2. Agreeableness

3. Openness

4. Conscientiousness

5. Neuroticism

• It is important to note that each of the five personality factors represents a range between two extremes.

• For example, extraversion representsa continuum between extreme extraversion and extreme introversion.

• In the real world, most people lie somewhere in between the two polar ends of each dimension.

1.Openness:

• features characteristics such as imagination and insight, and those high in this trait also tend to have a broad range of interests

• tend to be more adventurous and creative.

• People low in this trait are often much more traditional and may struggle with abstract thinking.

2. Conscientiousness:

• Standard features of this dimension include high levels of thoughtfulness, with good impulse control and goal directed behaviors

• tend to be organized and mindful of details

3. Extraversion:

• Characterized by excitability sociability, talkativeness assertiveness and high amountsof emotional expressiveness.

• Are outgoing and tend to gain enerqy in social situations.

• People who are low in extroversion (or introverted) tend to be more reserved and have to expend energy in social settings.

4. Agreeableness:

• This personality dimension includes attributes such as trust, altruism, kindness, affection and other prosocial behaviors.

• tend to be more cooperative.

• Those low in this trait tend to be more competitive and even manipulative.

5. Neuroticism:

• Neuroticism is a trait characterized by sadness, moodiness, and emotional instability.

• tend to experience mood swings, anxiety, moodiness, irritability and sadness.

• Those low in this trait tend to be more stable and emotionally resilient.

The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator

E or I (Extraversion or Introversion)

S or N (Sensing or Intuition)

T or F(Thinking or Feeling)

J or P(Judgment or Perception)

The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator

E or I (Extraversion or Introversion)

- how an individual prefers to channel his or her energy when dealing with people, whether it is inward (introversion) or outward(extraversion)

S or N(Sensing or Intuition)

- how one prefers to process information,

whether through the use of senses such

As being able to describe what one sees, or intuitively like dealing with ideas.

T or F (Thinking or Feeling)

-how an individual prefers to make decisions, either thinking or using logic and analysis, or feeling which uses the cognitive senses based on values or beliefs

J or P(Judgment or Perception)

- how an individual prefers to manage ones life, whether through judging, which means planned and organized life, versus perception, which has more flexible approach to living