Unit 7: 19th-Century Perspectives and Political Developments Flashcards

Main Characters

• Napoleon III
• Camilo Cavour
• Otto von Bismarck
• Giuseppe Garibaldi
• Charles Darwin
• Friedrich Nietzsche
• Sigmund Freud
• Albert Einstein
• Eugene Delacroix
• Pablo Picasso

Important Developments

• Political changes
  • Unification of Germany and Italy
  • 1848 revolutions and fracturing of the Congress of Europe
  • Changes to the "balance of power" with the creation of Italy, Germany, and the Austro-Hungarian Empire
• Causation
  • Causes of an increase in nationalism
  • Effects of the Crimean War
  • Causes of New Imperialism
    • Political, cultural, and social effects of New Imperialism
• Continuity and Change Over Time
  • Continuity and change to scientific thought
• Industrialization paving the way for imperialism
• Scientific changes
  • New Scientific Thought
    • Darwin's natural selection and survival of the fittest
    • Herbert Spencer's Social Darwinism
    • Einstein's Theory of Relativity
    • Freud's id and ego
• Artistic changes
  • Artistic and Cultural Changes
    • Continuation of Romanticism
    • Realism and a focus on social problems
    • Modern art (Impressionism, Post-Impressionism, Cubism) and a focus on the subjective and abstract

Vocab

• Nationalism
• The White Man's Burden
• Anti-Semitism
• Concert of Europe
• Crimean War
• Dreyfus Affair
• Imperialism
• Realpolitik
• Social Darwinism
• New Relativism
• Positivism

Skills Focus

• Topics for Review
  • Nationalism
    • Encouragement of loyalty to nation and popular nationalism
    • Rise in anti-Semitism (Dreyfus Affair) and development of Zionism
    • Creation of Austria-Hungary
  • New Imperialism
    • Economic, political, cultural motivations
    • Focus on Africa and Asia
    • Advances in conquest and transportation
    • Increased tensions in Europe
    • National responses abroad
    • Breakdown of the Ottoman Empire and tensions in Balkans
  • Unification of Italy and Germany
    • Italy: Cavour's diplomacy
    • Germany: Bismarck's Realpolitik, industrialized warfare, isolation of France