Unit 7 Psychology Terms

1.5 Sleep

Varying levels of consciousness (sleep/wakefulness)

Circadian Rhythm

Stages of sleep

EEG patterns for each stage

NREM 1, 2, 3

Hypnogogic sensations

REM (paradoxical sleep)

Dreaming and REM

REM increases throughout the night

REM rebound

Activation-synthesis theory (dreams)

Consolidation theory (dreams)

Why we sleep: memory consolidation and restoration

Sleep disorders

• Insomnia

• Narcolepsy

• REM sleep behavior disorder

• Sleep apnea

• Somnambulism

1.6 Sensation

Defining sensation

Transduction

Absolute threshold

Just-noticeable difference

Weber’s Law

Sensory adaptation

Sensory interaction

Synesthesia

Retina

Blind spot

Closure as it relates to the blindspot

Lens

Accommodation

Nearsightedness and farsightedness

Rods

Cones

• Blue - short wavelengths of light

• Green - medium wavelengths of light

• Red - long wavelengths of light

Trichromatic theory

Opponent-process theory

Fovea

Afterimages (red/green, blue/yellow, black/white)

Ganglion cells

*Color vision deficiencies

• Dichromatism

• Monochromatism

Occipital lobes (for visual processing)

Prosopagnosia (face blindness)

Blindsight

Wavelength of sound = pitch

Amplitude of wave = loudness

Place theory

Frequency theory (with the volley principle)

Sound localization

Conduction deafness

Sensorineural deafness

Chemical senses (olfaction + gustation)

Thalamus - smell is not processed here 

Pheromones

Gustatory cells (sweet, sour, bitter, salty, umami, oleogustus)

Taste receptors (linked to sensitivity of taste)

Supertasters, nontasters, medium tasters

Touch

Hot = warm and cold receptor activation

Pain (gate control theory)

Phantom limb syndrome

Gustation/olfaction = strong sensory interaction

Vestibular sense (note: semicircular canals)

Kinesthesis

Precognition

2.1 Perception

Priming

Bottom-up and Top down processing

Schemas

Perceptual set

Context

Gestalt Principles (closure, figure-ground, proximity, similarity)

Attention

Selective attention

Cocktail party effect

Change blindness

Inattentional blindness

Habituation (Learning unit)

Sensory adaptation

Visual cliff (Development unit)

Binocular depth cues: Retinal disparity, convergence

Monocular cues: relative clarity, relative size, texture gradient, linear perspective, interposition

Perceptual constancy (size, color, shape, lightness)

Apparent motion: Stroboscopic motion, phi phenomenon, autokinetic effect

Delta Waves

Visual Capture

Context effects

Muller-Lyer Illusion