APSC 100 Final Exam

Actual costs: money, effort, resources spent or consumed in project 

Audience: considerations of what the person or group knows, needs to know, and wants to know

Balancing loop: feedback loop, opposes initial change

Bearable (sustainability): societal and environmental

Branstormign: concept generation, quick

Causal loop diagram (CLD): variables (nodes) and feedback loops 

Complex problem: novel, multifaceted, no obvious solution

Complex system: large number of elements, predictable 

Comprehensive prototype: represents all elements of final design 

Conflict of interest: situation where you would personally benefit

Context (communication): considerations for your communication (format, location, time)

Context (sustainability): relevant factors in problem that influence our stakeholder consultation and the suitability of potential solution 

Costs committed: actual costs to date plus the anticipated future costs from the decisions made

C-sketch: each member contributes turn to each idea through sketching

Dilemma: every choice unfavourable 

Elevator pitch: short presentation, generate interest and follow-up

Engineering design: solve real-world problems

Equitable (sustainability): societal and economic

Ethics: organized and agreed upon principles

Evaluation criteria: measure stakehodler satisfaction

Expressed needs: stakeholders are aware of and share

Fixation (anchoring): focus on one idea, not broad, avoid 

Focused prototype: limited number of elements of final design 

Gradual escalation: resolving dilemmas in small steps

Latent needs: please stakeholders, not aware 

Legitimacy: stakeholder’s moral or legal right to have a say

Morals: widely held societal values regarding right and wrong 

Needs: capture wants and wishes of stakeholder, satisfaction

Physical prototype: physically exists in the same way as final design 

Power (salience): ability to influence 

Prototype: physical or virtual model

Purpose (communication): objectives and goals

Qualitative methods (prototyping): physical testing approach observe patterns and relationships

Quantitative methods (prototyping): collecting measurements and data

Ranking (concept selection): qualitatively comparing ideas in order to narrow down to a small number worth investigating further

Regulations: mandatory rules and requirements 

Reinforcing loop: feedback loop where initial change is amplified

Requirements: testable conditions and criteria must satisfy

Scale (sustainability): extend we are to view a system, small (near/local), to large (far/global)

Scope: work to be accomplished, requirements to be met, outputs

Scoring (concept selection): detailed, resource-intensive, quantitatively evaluate small number of ideas

Screening: removing concepts that cannot be made to meet requirements

Sensitivity analysis: adjust weights and scores in WDM to see consistency 

Simple problem: well-definied, easy to solve

Simple system: small number of elements, deterministic 

Solution space: sollection of all conceptual solutions identified

Spatial scale: based on physical extent of a system

Stakeholder: who is influenced or can influence 

Standards: voluntary guidelines for products agreed upon 

Sustainability: capacity of human civilization and earth’s natural systems to co-exist

Sustainable: environmental, societal, economic goals

System: group of elements interact for common purpose 

Syst4ems thinking: considered holistically

Target design specifications: requirements and evaluation criteria

Technical memo: concise writtenc communication

Temporal scale” time 

Threshold needs: needs expected not mentioned 

Urgency: critical or time sensitive of stakeholder

Validation: confirm target design specifications match stakeholder needs

Values: right from wrong

Verification: check whether solution addres TDS

Viable (sustaibility): environmental and economic

Virtual prototype: not physical 

Weighted decision matrix: scoring based on rating multiple options against evaluation criteria with weights