history

Chapter 6 The American Revolution Study Guide

Section 1 (p. 222-227)

  1. Main Idea (p. 222):
    .

  2. How would you describe the British Army?
    The British Army was well rounded, more experienced, large, but were fighting far away from home creating many supply lines,

  3. Who are the Hessians?
    Hessians are German mercenaries that were sent by the British to fight against the Colonists in the revolution .

  4. In 1775, how many British troops and Hessians were sent to the colonies?
    In 1775, approximately 32,000 British troops, including Hessians, were sent to the colonies..

  5. What did the Continental Congress do on September 9, 1776?
    The Continental Congress adopted the Articles of Confederation, and created the name of the United states of America.

  6. What did Congress not have the power to do?
    The Continental Congress didn’t have the power to impose laws, and tax.

  7. What are the Articles of Confederation?
    The Articles of Confederation was the first constitution of the United States, adopted by the Continental Congress in 1781. It established a "confederation" of sovereign states with a weak central government. The Articles created a Congress with limited powers, lacking the authority to levy taxes, regulate trade, or enforce laws directly. The central government could request funds from states, but it couldn't compel them to pay. The Articles were designed to preserve state sovereignty and prevent the rise of a strong central government like the one the colonies had experienced under British rule. However, the weaknesses of the Articles became apparent, especially in dealing with economic issues, interstate disputes, and foreign diplomacy. These issues led to the drafting of the U.S. Constitution in 1787, which replaced the Articles of Confederation in 1789

  8. What powers did the Articles of Confederation give to Congress?
    The powers that the Articles of Confederation gave to Congress was, affair with foreign countries . declare war, have relationship with African American tribes,  ,but lacked the power to convey tax

  9. What were some of the issues George Washington faced when forming a professional army?
    . The issues George Washington faced when forming a professional army was lack of experience, lack of enthusiasm to fight for independence, lacked discipline 

  10. What did the British promise enslaved African Americans?
    The British promised to enslave African Americans to gain freedom if they joined their side and fought against America.

  11. By 1776, how many men had joined the Continental Army?
    By 1776 approximately 20,000 men had joined the Continental Army.

  12. What were the advantages that the Continental Army had?
    The advantages that the Continental Army had were that they were fighting at home, more spirit to fight for independence, and the alliance with the French.

  13. Know what happened on Christmas Day, 1776, in Trenton, New Jersey.
    On Christmas Day, 1776, George Washington successfully crossed the Delaware River and successfully attacked the Hessians in Trenton, New Jersey .

  14. What was the result of the victory at the Battle of Trenton?
    The result of the victory at the battle of Trenton was a morale boost, and more people enlisting into the army.

Section 2 (p. 227-236)

  1. Main Idea (p. 224):
    .

  2. Who was General Howe?
    General Howe was a British lieutenant.

  3. Who is John Burgoyne?
    John Burgoyne was a British General.

  4. Which river did British Lieutenant Colonel Barry St. Leger lead his troops along to gain access to Albany, New York?
    The river British Lieutenant Colonel Barry St, Leger led his troops along to gain access to Albany, New York was the Mohawk river.

  5. Know what happened in the Hudson River Valley.
    The British planned to cut off New England from the rest of the colonies by advancing through the Hudson River Valley, but the American forces, particularly at Saratoga, thwarted their efforts.

  6. Who supported St. Leger and his troops?
    Native American allies, particularly the Iroquois.

  7. What were the details of the relationships between the Six Nations of the Iroquois and both the British and Americans?
    The Iroquois were divided in the war, with some tribes supporting Britain and some supporting America, based  on their own instincts and interests.

Section 3 (p. 236-244)

  1. Main Idea (p. 236):
    .

  2. What was the new strategy that the British deployed in the Southern Colonies?
    The new strategy that the British deployed in the Southern Colonies were to let loyalists control taken territory 

  3. What did the British use the British West Indies for?
    The British used the British West Indies as a supply base for troops.

  4. Know the role of Caribbean Islands, such as Saint-Domingue.
    The Caribbean Islands played a role by supplying resources to British soldiers. (Sugar, rum, etc)

  5. Which side of the Revolutionary War did enslaved African Americans fight for and why?
    The enslaved African Ameriacns fought for the British as they were promised freedom if they fought along them against America .

  6. Who were the leaders that faced each other at the Battle of Camden in 1780?
    The leaders that faced each other at the battle of Camden in 1780 were General Hotio gates for the continental army and Lord cornwallis.

  7. What was Francis Marion's nickname?
    Francis Marion;s nickname was the “swamp fox”.

  8. Explain the style of fighting Francis Marion used in the swamps of Georgia

. The style of fighting Francis Marion used in the swamps of Georgia were surprise attacks, ambushes, and quick retreats just to mess with British Soldiers

  1. What were the three outcomes of this new style of fighting?
    The three outcomes of this new style of fighting was disturbance in British supply lines, avoiding huge conflict, and to tire down British soldiers..

  2. Main Idea (p. 239):
    .

  3. Know Nathanael Greene.
    Nathaniel Greene was a key leader in the Continental army as he developed a new strategy to avoid big conflicts, instead using resources and the environment to exhaust the British..

  4. What was Green's strategy?
    Green’s strategy was to avoid huge fights, exhaust the British, and put the British in non-effective spots .

  5. What did the British strategy rely on in the South?
    The British strategy relied on the south where the loyalist and enslaved African Americans to build a force to control the region..

  6. What happened at the Battle of Kings Mountain?
    What happened at the Battle of Kings Mountain was a pivotal victory for the patriots over the loyalists in the southern carolina Thanks to the frontier Patriots using the Appalachian Terrain to defeat the loyalists.

  7. What role did the frontier patriots play in the Battle of Kings Mountain?
    The frontier Patriots or, “overmountain men” played a crucial role by efficiently ending British attempts to support in the backcountry.

  8. What did Cornwallis do after the Battle of Kings Mountain?
    Cornwallis after the Battle of Kings Mountain was to retreat to South Carolina to regroup and reconsider his strategy.

Section 4 (p. 240-244)

  1. Main Idea (p. 240):
    .

  2. How many troops did Cornwallis have in Yorktown?
    .Cornwallis only had an approximate 8,000 soldiers.

  3. What was Cornwallis and his soldier's fatal mistake?
    Cornwallis' mistake was to position his soldiers in Yorktown which was surrounded by land and sea.

  4. List the three commanders that led their 17,000 troops against Cornwallis.
    Geroge Washington, French General Marquis de Lafayette, and French Naval commander Admiral de Grasse.

  5. What happened to Cornwallis?
    Cornwallis was forced to surrender at the battle of Yorktown in October 1781.

  6. What was the last battle of the war?
    .The battle of YorkTown

  7. What was the impact of the victory?
    The impact of the victory of Yorktown convinced the British to negotiate for peace and to eventually end the war in America's Victory..

Section 5 (p. 244)

  1. Main Idea (p. 244):
    .

  2. What nations were inspired by the American Revolution?
    . French, haiti, latin American countries to fight for independence 

  3. What was the high cost of war?
    . The high cost of war were many of men dead and many damage to property

  4. What was the main purpose of the Treaty of Paris of 1783?
    . The main purpose of the Treaty of Paris of 1783 was to declare the Colonies as the United States Of America and must be recognized as independent , and to make peace between America and the British.

  5. What were the two most important provisions of the treaty?
    The two most important provisions of the treaty was U.S independence and the establishment of new boundaries for the new nation..

  6. What did Spain gain from participating in the war?
    Spain gained from participating in the war was the control of Florida, which was in the British peace treaty..