APWH Chapter 14: Tradition and Change in East Asia

Quing Dynasty: The dynasty that was built after the Ming dynasty, it was built based on a powerful imperial state, revived the civil service staffed by Confucian scholars and promoted Confucian thought. The leaders were of Manchus descent, and decided to promote Chinese ways, and contain a large agrarian society. 

Ming Dynasty: the extremely conservative dynasty from 1368-1644, it was supposed to rebuild the Han Chinese ruel to China, and rebuilt the Chinese empire after the Mongol rule.

Hongwu: Was the founder and ruler of the Ming dynasty and helped drive out the Mongols and rebuilt the centralized state that grew to be later on. He did many good things for China including the implication of religion and eunuchs. 

Eunuchs: The People that Hongwu decided to entrust because they could not regenerate families and would not but a rebellion

Yongle: An emperor of the Ming dynasty that led a series of expeditions that showed the Indian Basin and spread Chinese trade ruther. 

Great Wall: A wall built by the Ming dynasty but thought of as the Qing dynasty. It was years of construction and thousands of workers involved. 

Manchu: A force that invaded from the north in search to expand themselves into China.

Nurachi: A chieftain from 1616-1626 who unified the Manhcus states into a centralized state, made laws, and made a military force. 

Kangxi: An emperor who was a part of the leader who helped Machu consolidate their hold on China. He was a Confucain scholar, conqueror,and a enlightened ruler who composed poems and ruled with an iron fist 

Qianlong: The other emperor who did many conquests throughout east Asia. He was the Chinese emperor who was sophisticated and wise. He also composed poems and helped the Qing dynasty reach its peak.

“Son of Heaven”: A mandate that says the human being designated by heavenly powers to maintain order on the earth. 

Analects of Confucius: A work by Confucian that was used in schools to reteach the children who were corrupted by Mongols.

Civil service examinations: A test a student could take after schooling to further their education. This was a grueling test that included a written portion that lasted days at a time a person could not leave this room. 

Filial Piety: The ideal that the duty not only implied for children to be loyal to their parents, but for subjects to be loyal to the emperor.

Foot binding: The ideal of breaking a little girl's foot and wrapping it up so the foot heals in a more petite looking form. This was mostly done to women because they were supposed to be tinier and more petite looking.  

Zheng He: A admiral that did extensive voyages for the Ming dynasty in the Indian basin for Yongle in the early fifteenth century

Zhu Xi: A Confucian scholar who helped reform the Confucain beliefs in the Ming and Qing dynasty, which included education and government. 

Yongle Encyclopedia: A collection of Chinese philosophical literary texts, such as twenty three thousand scrolls. This is called the Yongle encyclopedia because it was sponsored by the Emperor Yongle. 

Collection of Books: An organization of books that was collected by the Qing dynasties Kangxi and Qianlong. This was smaller than the Yongle Encyclopedia, yet it was printed and copied more and sold around China more. 

Complete Library of the Four Treasuries: Qianlong's collection has manuscripts, yet it was too large to publish, with it having 93,556 pamphlets seized informationals.  

The Romance of the Three dreams: A popular noble that explored the political fall of the Han dynasty. 

The Dream of the Red Chamber: Another popular novel that explored the ideal of Chinese marriage because two cousins couldn’t marry due to being related and it was against the family's wishes. 

Journey to the West: A biography of the seventeenth century of a buddhist monk Xuanzang traveling to India with a magical monkey, who could jump miles. This was widely successful due to the Buddhist beliefs and the monkey character becoming a figure in Chinese literature. 

Jesuits: The ROman Catholic missionaries whose goal was to strengthen the Roman Catholic church throughout Europe and abroad. One famous Jesuit was MAtteo Ricci, who made it his goal to convert China to Christianity. 

The True Meaning of the Lord of Heaven: A book written by Ricci  to try to convert Chinese to Christianity using European science and technology. He argued Confcius and Jesus were similar if not the same.

Sengoku: A state of constant war in Japan from the shoguns and retainers because both of their ambitions lined up and were similar. 

Tokugawa Ieyasu: One of the last chieftains to rule Japan from 1600-1616, and established different military set ups and helped re stabilize the shoguns 

Shogun: Ruled Japan through retainers who received political rights and large states in exchange for military services.

Tokugawa: A group of people who wanted to help stabilize China and lay a foundation for them. They also supported Neo-Confucianism and wanted to bring back that culture from Mongolian cultures. 

Bakufu: A replacement for shoguns used by the Towkuwaga as a temporary replacement to keep the peace.

Daimyo: Powerful lords who owned territory and ruled over Japan using hereditary landholdings

Neo-Confucianism: A religion that supported the Bakufu that also combines Buddhism and Buddhism to justify Japan's actions

Ukiyo: A place of entertainment and pleasure for people to escape the troubles of life, Some of these places include teahouses, brothels, theaters, and public baths  

The Life of a Man who Lived for Love: A book written by Ihara Saikaku that is about a young man's quest for love through the ukiyo spots. 

Kabuki: A form of drama in Japanese culture that revolves around skirt, singing, dancing, acting and staging. 

Bunraku: Another form of drama that had puppets acting out certain events.

Francis Xavier: A Jesuit who traveled in Japan in 1549 who seeked to convert everyone to Christaintiy. 

Christovao Ferreira: A Portuguese Jesuit who went to Japan, was tortured in Buddhism, and executed other Europeans in the 17th century who were christin to become buddhists as well.

Dutch learning: A way of learning that the Japanese undertook to understand more about Dutch culture, which led to others learning more about European culture.