Measurement for Evaluation in Kinesiology

Measurement: An objective, nonjudgmental process that takes place when a test is administered and a score is obtained. Its primary purpose is to collect information.
Test: A specific tool utilized to gather data.
Evaluation: Involves the interpretation of a score obtained from a measurement. It places a value judgment on the measurement.

Formative Evaluation: A type of evaluation used to provide feedback to students and teachers on student progress throughout an instructional unit. It occurs during instruction, emphasizes explicitly defined behaviors, and typically uses a criterion-referenced standard.
Summative Evaluation: A type of evaluation used for certification or grading at the end of a unit, semester, or course. It occurs at the end of an instructional period, covers broader categories of behaviors or combinations of several specific behaviors, and can use either a norm-referenced or criterion-referenced standard.
Norm-referenced Standard: Judges an individual's performance in relation to the performance of a group or established norms. For example, a basketball skills test might present age-specific percentile scores, where a score of 65 for a 10-year-old might correspond to a percentile of 9.
Criterion-referenced Standard: A predetermined, absolute standard of performance that all or most students are expected to meet, regardless of how others perform. For example, the Fitnessgram Healthy Fitness Zone defines specific VO_{2}max values (in ml/kg/min) that classify an individual's aerobic capacity as