A&P Midterm

  1. What layer of the epidermis is most superficial? 

    1. Stratum corneum

  2. What layer of the epidermis is deep to the stratum corneum and superficial to the stratum granulosum in thick skin?

    1. Stratum lucidum

  3. What layer of the epidermis is deep to the stratum granulosum and superficial to the stratum basale?

    1. Stratum spinosum

  4. What layer of the epidermis is deep to the stratum spinosum and superficial to the dermis?

    1. Stratum basale

  5. What is the superficial layer of the dermis?

    1. Papillary layer

  6. What is the deep layer of the dermis?

    1. reticular layer

  7. Where is stratum lucidum found on the body?

    1. Thick skin; palms and soles

  8. What type of skin lacks hair follicles?

    1. Thick skin

  9. What is the only membrane that lacks epithelial cells?

    1. Synovial membrane

  10. What type of membrane surrounds the heart?

    1. serous membrane

  11. What type of membrane is the skin?

    1. cutaneous membrane

  12. What fluid is found within synovial membranes?

    1. Synovial fluid

  13. What type of membrane surrounds tendons?

    1. Synovial membrane

  14. What type of pathogen causes chicken pox?

    1. virus

  15. What type of pathogen causes impetigo?

    1. bacteria

  16. What type of pathogen causes ring worm?

    1. fungus

  17. What does the word “tinea” imply the pathogen is?

    1. fungus

  18. What does the suffix -itis mean?

    1. inflammation

  19. What is an example of a cutaneous membrane?

    1. skin

  20. What type of cells make up the epidermis?

    1. Keratinocytes

  21. How many lumbar vertebrae are there?

    1. 5

  22. What part of the pelvic girdle articulates with the femur?

    1. Ilium

  23. What is the weight bearing bone of the lower leg?

    1. Tibia

  24. What lower arm bone articulates with the humerus?

    1. Ulna

  25. Where can an infant’s pulse be felt through on their skull?

    1. Fontanel

  26. How many thoracic vertebrae are there?

    1. 12

  27. What suture separates the occipital bone from the other cranial bones?

    1. lambdoidal

  28. How many cervical vertebrae are there?

    1. 7

  29. What lower arm bone articulates with the carpals?

    1. Radius

  30. What two bones make up the shoulder complex?

    1. Clavicle and scapula

  31. What are the 3 parts of the pelvic girdle?

    1. Ilium, Ischium, Pubis

  32. What tarsal is commonly known as the heel bone?

    1. Calcaneus

  33. What is the patella commonly known as?

    1. Knee cap

  34. What type of bones make up the cranium?

    1. flat

  35. What are the two bone classifications of the skull?

    1. Facial and cranial

  36. What is the opposite of superior?

    1. Inferior

  37. What is your pollex?

    1. Thumb

  38. What plane is adduction in?

    1. Frontal

  39. What means toward the midline of the body?

    1. medial

  40. Unless specifically stated otherwise, what position should you assume you body is in?

    1. Anatomical Position

  41. What pH does an acid have?

    1. Less than 7

  42. What happens during anaphase?

    1. SIster chromosomes are pulled to opposite ends of the cell

  43. What organelle synthesizes proteins?

    1. ribosome

  44. What are the four types of body tissues?

    1. Nervous, muscular, connective, neural

  45. What two cavities are dorsal?

    1. Cranial and spinal

  46. What plane divides the body into top and bottom halves?

    1. transverse

  47. What plane divides the body into left and right halves?

    1. Sagittal

  48. What are the three types of muscle tissue?

    1. Skeletal, cardiac, and smooth

  49. What type of skeletal muscle has fibers that do not cross?

    1. pennate

  50. What muscle is known as the “smiling muscle”?

    1. zygomaticus

  51. What are the three types of pennate fiber arrangements?

    1. Unipennate, bipennate, multipennate

  52. What type of contraction has no change in muscle length?

    1. Isometric contraction

  53. What is the neurotransmitter that stimulates skeletal muscle?

    1. acetylcholine

  54. What type of contraction happens when the agonist contracts/ lengthens while the antagonist relaxes?

    1. Eccentric contraction

  55. What does CNS stand for?

    1. Central Nervous system

  56. What does PNS stand for?

    1. Peripheral nervous system

  57. What carries impulses from the CNS out to the muscles and the glands?

    1. Efferent nerves

  58. What carries impulses from the sensory receptors in the skin, muscles, and joints to the CNS?

    1. Afferent nerves

  59. What makes the myelin sheath in the PNS?

    1. Schwann cells

  60. What makes the myelin sheath in the CNS?

    1. Oligodenrocites

  61. What are the different categories of reflexes? (2)

    1. Somatic and autonomic

  62. What happens when a nerve is polarized?

    1. Inside of cell membrane is more negative than the outside OR Outside is more positive

  63. What happens when a nerve is depolarized?

    1. Outisdie of the cell membrane is more negative OR inside is more positive

  64. What is the time it takes for an action potential to stop and repolarization to happen?

    1. Refractory period

  65. What is cranial nerve II?

    1. Optic

  66. What is the function of cranial nerve II?

    1. Sight

  67. What is cranial nerve IV?

    1. Trochlear

  68. What is the function of cranial nerve IV?

    1. Eye movements

  69. What tissue in the cerebrum is nonmyelinated?

    1. Gray matter

  70. What divides the parietal lobe and the occipital lobe?

    1. Parieto-occipital sulcus

  71. What divides the cranium into left and right hemispheres?

    1. Longitudinal fissure

  72. What tissue in the cerebrum is myelinated?

    1. White matter

  73. What secretes an oily substance and is located in the eyelids?

    1. Tarsal glands

  74. What is the external membrane that covers the exposed eyeball and lines the eyelid?

    1. Conjunctiva

  75. What muscle is responsible for medial eye motion?

    1. Medial rectus

  76. What are the muscles of the eye known as?

    1. Extrinsic muscles

  77. What is the innermost layer of the eye?

    1. Retina

  78. Where do the optic nerves cross?

    1. Optic chiasma

  79. What is the description for presbyopia?

    1. Age-related farsightedness

  80. What is the progressive loss of central vision?

    1. Macular degeneration

  81. What is another name for the external acoustic meatus?

    1. Auditory canal

  82. What is another name for the tympanic membrane?

    1. Eardrum

  83. What are the body’s three smallest bones known as?

    1. Ossicles

  84. What is the ossicle that transmits sound from the tympanic membrane to the anvil?

    1. Hammer or malleus

  85. What structure in the inner ear helps with balance and contains receptor hair cells?

    1. Semicircular canala

  86. What type of fluid fills the membranous labyrinth?

    1. Endolymph

  87. What is presbycusis?

    1. Age-related hearing loss

  88. What is a condition that causes ringing in the ears?

    1. Tinnitus

  89. What is swimmer’s ear also known as?

    1. External otitis

  90. What is the cranial nerve that sends impulses to the olfactory cortex of the brain? 

    1. Olfactory nerve

  91. What are airborne particles that trigger the sense of smell known as?

    1. Odor molecules

  92. What medication can work to curb the activity of histamines?

    1. Antihistamines

  93. What are the sensory receptors for taste?

    1. Taste buds

  94. What stimulate the gustatory hairs to send nerve impulses to the brain?

    1. Tastants

  95. How much of what we attribute to taste is actually due to smell? (it is a range)

    1. 75%-90%

  96. Name the 5 basic tastes.

    1. Sweet, sour, salty, bitter, umami

  97. What heals more quickly than any other part of the human body?

    1. The tongue

  98. What supports the olfactory receptor cells?

    1. Supporting cells

  99. How big is the olfactory region?

    1. Dime-size

  100. What are threads that extend from olfactory receptor cells into the nasal cavity?

    1. Olfactory hairs