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Earth Science EXAM #1
Deductive reasoning focuses on ____________, while inductive reasoning deals with _____________.
Hide answer choices
inference; observation
Correct:
observation; inference
Correct answer
observation; intelligence
intelligence; inference
intelligence; observation
Question 21/1
What is not included as a cause of the Atacama Desert of South America being so dry?
Hide answer choices
Cold ocean currents
Atmospheric circulation
Correct:
Intense evaporation
Correct answer
Trade Wind latitude
Rain shadow
Question 31/1
Which of the following is not influenced by the Coriolis Effect?
Hide answer choices
Trade Winds
3-cell model of atmospheric circulation
Correct:
Sinking polar air
Correct answer
Ocean gyres
Westerly winds
In this image, what are features D?
Hanging valley
Cirque
Pater Noster Lakes
Tarn
Correct:
Terminal Moraine
Which of these is not associated with wind-driven sediment transportation in deserts?
Hide answer choices
Creep
Saltation
Sliding stones
Correct:
Hoodoo
Correct answer
Haboob
Question 6
1/1
Other than mid-ocean ridges, where on Earth is the best example of current (active) rifting?
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Correct:
East Africa
Correct answer
Andes
Mariana Trench
Central Australia
Japan
Question 7
1/1
Which of the following is NOT important in judging the credibility of a source?
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Research was reviewed by peers who have expertise in the field
Inferences clearly distinguished from data in report
Correct:
Made by scientists who have never been wrong before
Correct answer
Source contains references to other peer reviewed sources
Produced by an institution with a long history of being trustworthy
Question 8
1/1
What happens to a cloud formed at the equator when blown northward? (from text video ÒCoriolis EffectÓ)
Hide answer choices
It moves faster than the Earth rotates
Correct:
It maintains its speed due to inertia
Correct answer
It stops moving entirely
It changes direction but not speed
Question 9
1/1
A(n) _______ is confined to a long, narrow valley located in mountainous areas especially closer to the poles.
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ice cap
Correct:
alpine glacier
Correct answer
mountainous glacier
ice sheet
continental glacier
Question 10
1/1
What is not a characteristic of ephemeral streams?
Hide answer choices
are common in desert areas
often carry flash floods
usually dry
flow mainly after rain
Correct:
are fed by groundwater
Correct answer
Question 11
1/1
Why does desertification create even more desert in a positive feedback loop?
Hide answer choices
Correct:
Arid conditions kill plants and make soil less able to absorb moisture
Correct answer
Rocks absorb more solar energy than plants, increasing heat
Plants help create wind patterns, and they stop when arid conditions occur
More open spaces absorb even more solar energy, increasing heat
Drying lakes create dust which amplify and trap solar energy
Question 12
This image shows a trunk glacier flowing toward the viewer. Looking at the front of the picture, how many tributary glaciers have joined to form this trunk glacier?
Hide answer choices
2
10
4
Can't be determined from the picture
Correct:
5
Question 13
1/1
How did scientists first figure out plates could sink into the interior of the planet, since no one can see this happening?
Hide answer choices
Isostasy states that as mountains move upwards, land must also sink elsewhere
Correct:
Lines of progressively-deeper earthquakes near arcs and trenches
Correct answer
It was an inference based on expansion around mid-ocean ridges
Measurements via GPS showed ocean basins closing rapidly
Earthquake waves mapped the liquid interior of Earth and showed movement
Question 14
1/1
What happens to land level and sea level when glaciers melt?
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Nothing; they are tectonically unrelated
Correct:
Isostatic rebound and sea level rise
Correct answer
Land level and sea level both fall
Land level and sea level remain constant
Isostatic depression and sea level rise
Question 15
1/1
In the Northern Hemisphere, due to the Coriolis Effect, wind is deflected ________.
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to the left
to the west
downwards
Correct:
to the right
Correct answer
to the east
Question 16
1/1
What is the dominant geologic agent of erosion in most deserts?
Hide answer choices
Dust storms
Correct:
Water
Correct answer
Bajadas
Wind
Sunlight
Question 17
1/1
Match the layer of the Earth with the description that fits it best!
Prompts
Answers
1
The layer that moves the plates around
Correct:
asthenosphere
2
The only liquid layer
Correct:
outer core
3
The layer plates are made from
Correct:
lithosphere
4
The highest density layer
Correct:
inner core
5
The lowest density layer
Correct:
crust
6
The largest layer by volume
Correct:
mantle
Question 18
1/1
Which of the following will not promote glaciers to advance?
Hide answer choices
Especially heavy winter precipitation
More winter snow and less summer melting
Cool summers
Correct:
Global warming
Correct answer
Drying of climate
Question 19
1/1
"Of these, what boundary generally produces new liquid magma?"
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Correct:
Subduction
Correct answer
Transform
Continent to continent
Collision
Passive
Question 20
1/1
What distinguishes science from pseudoscience?
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In science, we just know that things are the way they are.
Pseudoscience uses experimentation to objectively reach conclusions.
Correct:
Concepts must be falsifiable to be considered science.
Correct answer
Science deals with the mainstream ideas, pseudoscience does not.
Measurements can prove a concept to be correct and scientific.
Question 21
1/1
In this image, what are features F?
Hide answer choices
Till
Correct:
Horn
Correct answer
Arete
Cirque
Moraine
Question 22
1/1
What famous transform fault is known for being the boundary between the Pacific Plate and North
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What famous transform fault is known for being the boundary between the Pacific Plate and North American Plate in California?
Alpine fault
Correct:
San Andreas fault
Correct answer
Altyn Tagh fault
Garlock fault
Denali fault
Question 23
1/1
What feature is most characteristic of dunes?
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Poorly sorted
High temperatures
Red sand color
Correct:
Cross bedding
Correct answer
Crescent shape
Question 24
1/1
Which desert landform is most similar to a river delta?
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Blowout
Ventifact
Bajada
Correct:
Alluvial fan
Correct answer
Yardang
Question 25
1/1
Which of the following is NOT a glacier?
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flowing valley ice
the Laurentide ice sheet
the Greenland ice sheet
the Antarctic ice sheet
Correct:
an iceberg
Correct answer
Question 26
1/1
Plastic deformation means that _____.
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A material is made of organic polymers similar to plastic
Correct:
A material bends or flows when stressed by a force
Correct answer
A material cracks under pressure
A material breaks when a force is applied
A material is impervious and can be formed to hold fluid
Question 27
1/1
In the context of the EarthÕs rotation, which location moves faster? (from text video ÒCoriolis EffectÓ)
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Greenland
Correct:
Brazil
Correct answer
Both locations move at the same speed.
Question 28
1/1
The observation that 23% of the sandstone is composed of the mineral quartz is best characterized as a ________ observation.
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qualitative and objective
quantitative and deductive
qualitative and deductive
quantitative and subjective
Correct:
quantitative and objective
Correct answer
Question 29
1/1
Which of these is NOT consistent with uniformitarianism?
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An earthquake moved the ground upward 6 inches. After millions of years, the mountain grew taller.
Volcanic eruptions on the sea floor produce islands. Sea floor volcanism will produce more islands
Correct:
A large asteroid hit the Earth and caused devastation which killed many species, like the dinosaurs.
Correct answer
Erosion occurs in the valley every spring when the rains come. By this logic, the valley will be getting deeper every year.
Each year, a layer of sediment is laid down. Eventually, a large thickness is made.
Question 30
1/1
Why did Aristotelian empiricism fall out of favor as science advanced?
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It did not allow theories to change
Correct:
It relied on evidence observable only by human senses
Correct answer
It stated only scholars could progress science
It was made illegal by dictators
It was based outside the moral fabric of the church
Question 31
1/1
What type of motion occurs at a transform boundary? Plates move ____________.
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apart
Correct:
by slipping past each other
Correct answer
together
on top of each other
underneath each other
Question 32
1/1
Which of these assumptions is required for uniformitarianism to hold true?
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Volcanoes and floods and similar landscape-shaping forces must have had the same intensity in the past as they do now.
Correct:
Processes have been governed by the same set of rules of nature since the beginning of time.
Correct answer
Every geologic process that operated on Earth in the past has to still operate today.
Geologic time is vast and all processes must have occurred slowly.
The geologic features and layers that we see today were formed by a series of brief catastrophic events
Question 33
1/1
What causes striations and glacial polish on bedrock?
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Cryometamorphism softens the bedrock minerals which are then easily attacked by the ice.
The ice, superhardened by cold temperature, grinds against the bedrock.
Compression melting causes sub-ice flow of water that erodes the bedrock.
Meltwater pouring down crevasses causes erosion of the bedrock.
Correct:
Grains of rock embedded in the ice grind against the bedrock.
Correct answer
Question 34
1/1
What is the main cause of the glacial cycles during the last Ice Age?
Hide answer choices
Global Tectonics
Sea Level Changes
Variations in Carbon Dioxide
Correct:
Milankovitch Cycles
Correct answer
Fossil fuel burning
Question 35
1/1
A line of shallow earthquakes with little or no volcanism is likely evidence of what type of plate boundary?
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slow-rifting divergent
ocean-continent convergent
ocean-ocean convergent
Correct:
transform
Correct answer
fast-rifting divergent
Question 36
1/1
What makes continental plates different than oceanic plates?
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Oceanic plates are more permanent
Continental plates have more volcanoes
Oceanic plates are older
Oceanic plates are thicker
Correct:
Continental plates are ductile and can flow internally
Correct answer
Question 37
1/1
Igneous rocks form by ___________.
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melting
Correct:
crystallization
Correct answer
heat and pressure
lithification
erosion
Question 38
1/1
Which desert landscape sequence is in the proper order from young to old?
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Bajada > Alluvial Fan > Inselberg
Alluvial Fan > Inselberg > Bajada
Correct:
Alluvial Fan > Bajada > Inselberg
Correct answer
Inselberg > Alluvial Fan > Bajada
Inselberg > Bajada > Alluvial Fan
Question 39
1/1
Why are piercing points important with transform boundaries?
Hide answer choices
Correct:
They track movement
Correct answer
They create earthquakes
They turn into mid-ocean ridges
They help with erosion
They prevent volcanoes
Question 40
1/1
Which plate boundary is least likely to be dangerous to humans?
Hide answer choices
Transform
Rift
Correct:
Mid-ocean ridge
Correct answer
Collision
Subduction
Question 41
1/1
"The areas from which streams collect water are separated into ______________, the borders of which are defined by local topographic highs."
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Correct:
Drainage basins
Correct answer
Stream mouths
Tributary streams
Dry washes
Discharge segments
Question 42
1/1
What is the focus of an earthquake
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Where the direct seismic waves combine with the waves reflecting from the earth's core
Correct:
Where the actual rupture of rock occurs in the subsurface producing the earthquake
Correct answer
Where the seismic energy of the earthquake is concentrated
The place with the most damage and/or highest toll of human injury
The spot on the earth's surface directly above where the rock rupture occurs
Question 43
1/1
Which of the following is an objective statement?
Hide answer choices
Everyone should take a geology class
Correct:
I observed that it rained yesterday
Correct answer
My father is a good man
The blue cupcakes taste better
Geology is an important science
Question 44
1/1
"When an earthquake occurs in a horst-graben situation, where is seismic shaking greatest?"
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Correct:
in the poorly consolidated sediments of the valleys (grabens)
Correct answer
at the distal edge of the earthquake
on the other side of the valley
at the boundary between the horst and graben (the mountain front)
in the rigid bedrock of the horsts
Question 45
1/1
Why are objective observations so important to science?
Hide answer choices
They are 100% free of bias
They produce the numbers used in scientific calculations
Correct:
They are helpful in removing bias
Correct answer
They can be stated by anyone
They can only be done by trained scientists
Question 46
1/1
What makes transform boundaries different than other boundaries?
Hide answer choices
Transform are older
Correct:
Transform has less volcanoes
Correct answer
Transform makes more mountains
Transform are less common
Transform has less earthquakes
Question 47
1/1
Which of the following geologic phenomena is outside the realm of uniformitarianism?
Hide answer choices
Ophiolites are parts of the ocean floor brought to the surface
When sea levels are high, marine rocks form on continents
Correct:
Banded iron formed as oxygen entered the atmosphere
Correct answer
Diamonds come from deep upper mantle processes
Landslides typically occur in areas where they have in the past
Question 48
1/1
The Antarctic ice sheet is up to ________ feet thick!
Hide answer choices
2,000
Correct:
13,000
Correct answer
7,500
5,000
500
Question 49
1/1
In this image, what feature is A?
Hide answer choices
Cirque
Arete
Tarn
Recessional moraine
Correct:
Hanging Valley
Correct answer
Question 50
1/1
What happens as newly formed oceanic crust moves away from the mid-ocean ridge?
Hide answer choices
Sediment gets thinner
The crust gets warmer
The seafloor increases in height
Correct:
The crust gets colder
Correct answer
The crust thickens
Question 51
1/1
Which tectonic setting places the asthenosphere farthest from the surface?
Hide answer choices
Mid-ocean ridges
Rifts
Transform boundaries
Correct:
Continental collisions
Correct answer
Subduction zones
Question 52
1/1
What is required for liquefaction to occur in an earthquake
Hide answer choices
Correct:
saturated unconsolidated sediment
Correct answer
bedrock
air in pore spaces
houses and buildings
folds in the sediment
Question 53
0/1
Which large chunk of geologic time is characterized by the lack of easy-to-find fossils?
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Paleozoic
Precambrian Correct answer
Phanerozoic
Archean
Hadean
Which state is the driest
Hide answer choices
Correct:
Nevada
Correct answer
Utah
California
Arizona
Colorado
Question 55
1/1
Which of the following best matches the word theory?
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An idea whose experimental results agree with the hypothesis
A conclusion subjected to peer review
An idea based on observations
An idea undergoing experimentation
Correct:
A concept widely tested and accepted
Correct answer
Question 56
1/1
What evidence was found by Galileo that proved the Earth could not be the center of the universe?
Hide answer choices
Asteroid belt
Comet return time
Correct:
Moons orbiting around Jupiter
Correct answer
Orbit of Saturn
Craters on the moon
Question 57
1/1
What does it mean when a glacier advances?
Hide answer choices
Correct:
The terminus of the glacier is shifting forward; the glacier is growing longer.
Correct answer
It is flowing downhill towards the end of the valley.
The glacier is calving into the ocean, where pieces of ice are becoming icebergs.
It is gaining snow as fast as it is losing it; the glacier is not shrinking.
It is breaking away from its headwall forming a widening bergschrund.
Question 58
1/1
Which of the four seasons controls the glacial budget and is most responsible for glacial advance and retreat?
Hide answer choices
Winter
Fall
Spring
Correct:
Summer
Correct answer
Question 59
1/1
In a cross-sectional view of a glacier, where does the ice undergo ductile deformation (i.e. flow internally)?
Hide answer choices
Correct:
The lower part of the glacier where stress exceeds 100 kilopascals
Correct answer
Only at the very bottom of the glacier
In the area with the largest crevasses
The top 100 feet
The upper 500 feet or less than 100 kilopascals
Question 60
1/1
How do we determine the location of an earthquake
Hide answer choices
Correct:
Triangulation
Correct answer
Seismic Reflection
Seismic Absorption
Seismic Refraction
Shake Maps
Question 61
1/1
What is the biggest difference between hot-spot volcanism in an island chain and plate tectonic volcanism in an island chain?
Hide answer choices
Arcs have less earthquakes
Hot spots only have tsunamis
Arcs have different magma
Correct:
Hot spots have age trends
Correct answer
Hot spots erupt more often
Question 62
1/1
What makes the Hawaiian hot spot different than the Yellowstone hot spot?
Hide answer choices
Yellowstone is colder
Yellowstone's higher elevation
Correct:
Different types of tectonic plates
Correct answer
Hawaii has more places for magma to come up
Different type of mantle below
Question 63
1/1
Why are there not as many earthquakes or volcanoes on the east coast of North America as the west coast of North America?
Hide answer choices
The Atlantic side of the continent moves slower than the Pacific side
The crust on the east coast is too thick to allow volcanoes.
The plate boundary on the east coast is purely transform.The crust on the east coast is too thick to allow earthquakes.
The crust on the east coast is too thick to allow earthquakes.
Correct:
It is not close to a plate boundary (passive margin).
Correct answer
Question 64
1/1
Why do scientists prefer quantitative data?
Hide answer choices
Easier to look at and think about
Correct:
Reveal trends and show options for analysis
Correct answer
Give a higher degree of certainty
The data last longer and can be stored better
More aesthetically pleasing
Question 65
1/1
Which of these dune types would most likely be associated with limited sand supply and constant wind direction?
Hide answer choices
Parabolic
Backshore
Star
Longitudinal
Correct:
Barchan
Correct answer
Question 66
1/1
Which of these desert landforms would most likely be associated with salt flats?
Hide answer choices
Barchan
Ephemeral stream
Inselberg
Correct:
Playa
Correct answer
Arroyo
Question 67
1/1
Which of these is a product of desert weathering?
Hide answer choices
Cross Bedding
Correct:
Desert varnish
Correct answer
Mud cracks
Loess
Karst
Question 68
1/1
What is a water budget
Hide answer choices
Correct:
compares precipitation against evaporation and discharge
Correct answer
compares fresh and polluted water
subtracts irrigation water from culinary water
used to calculate the consumer water bill
calculates the value of a groundwater resource
Question 69
1/1
What is the cause of the Great Basin desert in the southwestern United States?
Hide answer choices
Intense evaporation
Lack of vegetation
Chinook winds
Correct:
Rain Shadow and latitude
Correct answer
Cold ocean currents
Question 70
1/1
What happens at the base of a glacier?
Hide answer choices
Vertical cracks appear where the ice bonds with boulders and obstructions.
The ice adheres tightly to the bedrock surface, lifting it away to cause intense erosion.
Correct:
The ice slides over bedrock on a thin film of meltwater.
Correct answer
Crevasses deepen and open cracks at the bottom.
Meltwater accumulates in subglacial ponds scooped out by the ice.
Question 71
1/1
Why is the rate of weathering and erosion slower in desert regions?
Hide answer choices
Correct:
Less water
Correct answer
More wind than rain
More wind
Temperature too warm
Saltier water
Question 72
1/1
As a rift forms on a continent, what feature can form next?
Hide answer choices
Correct:
Ocean basin
Correct answer
Subduction zone
Supercontinent
Transform fault
Collision
Question 73
1/1
An increase of one on the Richter scale is equivalent to an increase in actual ENERGY released of ________?
Hide answer choices
Correct:
32
Correct answer
100
1
3.2
10
Question 74
1/1
Because of the Coriolis Effect in the Southern Hemisphere, low pressure systems like hurricanes rotate in which direction? (Think about it!)
Hide answer choices
downwards
upwards
counterclockwise
Correct:
clockwise
Correct answer
to the right
Question 75
1/1
What makes the Great Basin unique in North America?
Hide answer choices
Only gets moisture from coastal fog
Driest part of the world
Has almost no life forms
Has swirling winds around the edges
Correct:
All water drains internally
Correct answer
Question 76
1/1
What does saltation do to the surface of saltating sand grains?
Hide answer choices
Correct:
Rounding and frosting
Correct answer
Ventifacting
Yardanging
Desert varnish
Excellent sorting
Question 77
1/1
Which of the following is an example of inductive reasoning, in contrast with Aristotelian deductive reasoning?
Hide answer choices
Correct:
A new mineral was discovered on Mars, leading to a brand new hypothesis about water on Mars
Correct answer
If Plate Tectonics is true, then eventually, a new supercontinent like Pangea will form again
Gravity worked the same way in the past as it works today
A volcano that erupts on Earth today will not erupt differently in the future
Because certain earthquake waves do not travel through the outer core of the Earth means that it is liquid
Question 78
1/1
What are ephemeral streams
Hide answer choices
Correct:
are dry much of the year
Correct answer
do not form deltas
end in closed (endorheic) basins
freeze during the wintertime
carry especially salty water
Question 79
1/1
Which of the following is the advantage of inductive reasoning, in contrast with deductive (Aristotelian) reasoning?
Hide answer choices
Focus on conclusions
Correct:
Focus on observation
Correct answer
Reasoning is more sound
Use of replication
Question 80
1/1
What caused Lake Bonneville to form?
Hide answer choices
it drained into the Columbia River system when the ice dam failed
Correct:
less evaporation and more precipitation
Correct answer
glaciers dammed rivers causing the area to be flooded
it formed because of a dam made by prehistoric people
more evaporation than precipitation
Question 81
1/1
What feature is associated with crustal divergence?
Hide answer choices
Correct:
Mid-ocean ridge
Correct answer
Tsunamis
Trench
Largest earthquakes
Volcanic arc
Question 82
1/1
Why do continents generally not subduct?
Hide answer choices
Ocean plates move faster and do not allow continents to subduct
"Continents are pushed up by mantle convection, preventing subduction"
Continents are too ductile to subduct
Correct:
Continents are too low in density to subduct
Correct answer
Continents are too strongly attached to ocean plates to subduct
Question 83
1/1
Which of the following is formed from a natural version of sandblasting?
Hide answer choices
Correct:
Yardang
Correct answer
Desert varnish
Barchan
Loess
Blowout
Question 84
1/1
Why do high mountains like the Alps and Himalayas form when continents collide?
Hide answer choices
Gases released by decompression melting create a large bubble beneath the crust
They are made from less dense portions of the continents
Correct: The materials of continental plates are similar in density and do not subduct beneath one another
Correct answer
Continental collisions occur very rapid
There are not enough magmas to lubricate the collision
Question 85
1/1
Which layer of the Earth is liquid?
Hide answer choices
Correct:
Outer core
Correct answer
Inner core
Mesosphere
Asthenosphere
Mantle
Question 86
1/1
What significant event occurred about 3 million years ago that influenced the onset of the most recent ice age: discussed in the video: Ice Ages and Earth's Climate Change?
Hide answer choices
Correct:
The closing of the gap between North and South America.Ê
Correct answer
The extinction of the dinosaurs.Ê
The formation of the Himalayas.Ê
The beginning of human civilization.Ê
Question 87
1/1
Which of these scales is a qualitative measure of seismic shaking
Hide answer choices
Correct:
Mercalli Scale
Correct answer
Richter Scale
Moment Magnitude Scale
California Seismic Magnitude Scale
Logarithmic Scale
Question 88
1/1
In this image, what are features G?
Hide answer choices
Horn
Correct:
Cirque
Correct answer
Tarn
Hanging Valley
Arete
Question 89
1/1
In the scientific method, which step would normally follow observation?
Hide answer choices
Hypothesis revision
Theory development
Correct:
Hypothesis development
Correct answer
Peer review
Data analysis
Question 90
1/1
Science deniers commonly use three rhetorical arguments. What is the one they donÕt generally use?
Hide answer choices
Demand equal time for "balanced" view
Attack the scientists personally
Correct:
Present alternative scientific data to disprove scientific conclusions
Correct answer
Claim the scientific methods are flawed
Question 91
1/1
What simple scientific technique did geologists like Hutton, Steno, and Lyell use to draw fundamental geologic conclusions?
Hide answer choices
Performing experiments to replicate the rock record
Studying gems and metal deposits to understand their geology
Correct:
Comparing ancient rocks/fossils to modern counterparts
Correct answer
Digging underground to observe three-dimensional structures
Analyzing the chemistry of the rock record
Question 92
1/1
What happens to the crust as you move towards the mid-ocean ridge?
Hide answer choices
Correct:
the crust gets younger
Correct answer
the crust gets thicker
the crust gets colder
sediment gets thicker
the seafloor decreases in height
Question 93
1/1
We are not able to get rocks from deep within the Earth. What is the most direct source of information that allows us to draw conclusions about the interior?
Hide answer choices
Gas measurements
Volcanic eruptions
Correct:
Seismic waves
Correct answer
Drilling
Diamond inclusions
Question 94
1/1
Why did Alfred Wegener never get the support of the scientific community for his hypothesis of continental drift during his lifetime?
Hide answer choices
He had an abrasive personality which made people not support him
GPS had not been invented yet to show movement
Correct:
He could not provide a mechanism for how continents moved
Correct answer
He had no evidence for his idea
He could not disprove the idea of land bridges
Question 95
1/1
What is the most immediate and visible evidence that a valley has been occupied by a glacier?
Hide answer choices
Polish and striations on bedrock exposures
There are moraine deposits at the mouth and sides of the canyon
Correct:
The valley is quite straight with a broad bottom, and is U shaped
Correct answer
The presence of cirques, tarns, and a horn at the head of the valley
There are long medial moraine deposits on the valley bottom
Question 96
1/1
According to the Wilson Cycle, what feature or process is most likely to occur after collision and
Hide answer choices
Ocean-ocean subduction
Correct:
Rifting
Correct answer
Transform faults
Ocean-continent subduction
Mid-ocean ridge
Question 97
1/1
Which plate boundary has the largest and deepest earthquakes?
Hide answer choices
Collisional
Correct:
Subduction
Correct answer
Mid-ocean ridge
Transform
Divergent rift
Question 98
1/1
In the scientific method, which of these steps would normally follow experimentation and sharing of results?
Hide answer choices
Hypothesis creation
Correct:
Peer review
Correct answer
Observation
Theory development
Hypothesis development
Question 99
1/1
What are the ways transform faults move?
Hide answer choices
Back and forth
Over and under
Correct:
Left (sinistral) and right (dextral)
Correct answer
Up and down
In and out
Question 100
1/1
Which factor is primarily responsible for the reflection of solar energy during an ice age: discussed in the video: Ice Ages and Earth's Climate Change?
Hide answer choices
The increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations.Ê
Correct:
The albedo effect from ice and snow.Ê
Correct answer
The distribution of continents and oceans.Ê
The intensity of volcanic eruptions.Ê
Question 101
1/1
What is one of the main characteristics of ice ages discussed in the video: Ice Ages and Earth's Climate Change?
Hide answer choices
They are characterized by continuous extremely low temperatures.Ê
Correct:
They involve alternating periods of warmer and colder temperatures.Ê
Correct answer
They only occur in the Northern Hemisphere.Ê
They are solely determined by solar radiation levels.Ê
Question 102
1/1
What features or processes are common in hot spots?
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Earthquakes
Rifts
Correct:
Volcanism
Correct answer
Trenches
Arcs
Question 103
1/1
Which seismic wave type travels the fastest
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Correct:
P
Correct answer
S
Love
Surface
Rayleigh
Question 104
1/1
Which latitudes have sinking air with dry conditions due to atmospheric circulation?
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30 & 60
60 & 90
Correct:
30 & 90
Correct answer
0 & 15
0 & 30
Question 105
1/1
Which seismic wave type is most damaging
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Correct:
Love
Correct answer
S
Raleigh
Body
P
Question 106
1/1
How is magma generated at divergent boundaries?
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Chemical reactions
Added water
Friction
Correct:
Decreased pressure
Correct answer
Added sediment
Question 107
1/1
Under current conditions of climate change, glaciers are retreating at what rates?
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Days
Thousands of years
Correct:
Years and decades
Correct answer
Millions of years
Centuries
Question 108
1/1
What paradigm shift in geology most changed the way geologists look at the world?
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Evolution
Extinction
Deep time
Correct:
Plate tectonics
Correct answer
Uniformitarianism
Question 109
1/1
Which building type is most likely to collapse in an earthquake?
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Correct:
Unreinforced masonry
Correct answer
Steel frame
Wood frame
Base isolated steel
Reinforced masonry
Question 110
1/1
The equilibrium line divides the _________________ from the __________________.
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Erosion Zone; Deposition Zone
Snow Zone; Ice Zone
Correct:
Zone of Accumulation; Zone of Ablation
Correct answer
Zone of Freezing; Zone of Melting
Brittle Zone; Plastic Zone
Question 111
1/1
When was the peak of the last glaciation?
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~2.5 billion years ago
Correct:
26,500 to 19,000 years ago
Correct answer
18,000 to 9,000 years ago
420,000 years ago
323 million to 300 million years ago
Question 112
1/1
The idea that the Sun was the center of the Solar System was first proposed by Nicolaus Copernicus in 1543 and is known as the ______.
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Solar Orbital model
Correct:
Heliocentric model
Correct answer
Suncentric model
Geocentric model
Question 113
1/1
Which of these are features found at rift zones?
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Correct:
Grabens and Faults and rifts at 120¡ angles
Correct answer
Trenches
Tsunamis and large earthquakes
High mountain ranges on continents
Volcanic arcs
Question 114
1/1
In this image, what is feature C?
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Pater noster lake
Hanging Valley
Arete
Cirque
Correct:
Tarn
Question 115
1/1
Which of the following are NOT evidence Wegener used to construct the idea of Continental Drift?
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Correct:
Earthquake locations lined up with crustal features
Correct answer
Matching the edges of the continental shelves
Matching fossils across the ocean
Evidence of drastic climate shifts in the geologic record
Matching mountain belts of similar age and rock types
Question 116
1/1
The Antarctic ice sheet has been there for several million years. What has happened to the Antarctic continent as a result?
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Correct:
Parts of the continent have been isostatically depressed below sea level.
Correct answer
Summer no longer occurs there.
Winter never ends there.
A type of metamorphism called cryomorphism has taken place there.
Rocks of the continent have been spread out away from the South Pole.
Question 117
1/1
What determines the speed of points on a rotating circle? (from text video Coriolis Effect)
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Correct:
The distance from the center of the circle
Correct answer
The mass of the points
The color of the points
The temperature of the environment
Question 118
1/1
Which dune shape indicates variable and shifting wind directions?
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Correct:
Star
Correct answer
Parabolic
Longitudinal
Barchan
Crescent
Question 119
1/1
Why is science normally a slow process?
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Scientific meetings are usually drawn-out arguments.
Because their work is intense, scientists require lengthy vacations.
All experiments take a long time to complete.
Arguing with pseudoscientists consumes scientists.
Correct:
The process of weeding out misinformation and verifying results takes time.
Correct answer
Question 120
1/1
In a glacier, crevasses extend from the surface down to:
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the very bottom of the ice
Correct:
near the base of the brittle zone
Correct answer
where they remain open but are deformed in the plastic zone
where they become clogged by debris carried in the ice
near the base of the glacier
Question 121
1/1
"Which of the following are evidence for continental drift, and which are evidence for plate tectonics?"
Prompts
Answers
1
Matching fossils and rocks
Correct:
(continental drift)
2
Lined-up earthquakes
Correct:
(plate tectonics)
3
Cooler places with tropical fossils
Correct:
(continental drift)
4
Warm places glaciated
Correct:
(continental drift)
5
Mid-ocean ridge found
Correct:
(plate tectonics)
6
Paleomagnetism showing moving rocks
Correct:
(plate tectonics)
7
Ocean trenches found
Correct:
(plate tectonics)
8
Matching coastlines
Correct:
(continental drift)
9
GPS measurements
Correct:
(plate tectonics)
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