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L6 Identification of Bodily Fluids

Forensics: Lesson 6 Identification of Bodily Fluids


  1. Fill out the chart on the types of tests.

Type of Test

Description

Positive Test

Test given a positive results; indicating the presence of the expected substances 

False Positive Test

Test given a positive result despite the no presence of the expected substances 

Negative Test

Test given a negative result; indicating no presence of the expected substances. 

False Negative Test

Test gave a negative result despite the presence of expected substances.



  1. Fill out the chart on types of blood tests.

Benzidine 

Upon the presence of blood, the benzene solution reacts to form a dark blue color. 

Guaiac 

Used to look for invisible blood occults in a sample; yield a blue color for a positive result. 

TMB

Modified form of benzidine test to remove its negative effects; it yield a blue-green color for a positive result

Hemastix

A strip test that can be used to detect blood by mixing the sample with distilled water; green indication of positive result

Ring Precipitin 

Mix liquid of antiserum from animals with a blood sample. If a white line is formed between the two fluid rings then, it is a positive result

Ouchterlony Double Diffusion 

Similar to ring test expect the antiserum is put in a central well wti surrounding wells; a barrier is formed 

Phenolphthalein

Use a swab to mix the phenolphthalein to sa sample; pink appearance shows the presence of blood

Lattes Crust 

Blood is added to a stain where it would react with the antibodies in the blood sample to determine its type 

Luminescence 

Utilizing fluorescence and alternate light source to illuminate blood presence; green glow

Chemiluminescence

Utilizing luminol solution and chemical reaction to illuminate blood presence; blue white glow 

Teichmann 

Use glacial acetic acid to mix with the sample and heat up; [positive result is when reddish brown and rhomboid-shaped crystals are formed 

Takayama 

Use pyridine solution to mix with samples; positive results when solution color changed to purple to pink



  1. Take notes on semen and seminal fluid tests.

  • Microscopic examination:Staining sperm cells and observe it under a microscopy

  •  SAP test: Test for seminal acid phosphatase in semen; appearance of purple shows positive results

  • PSA test: Test for prostate-specific antigen; can also test for prostate cancer






  1. Take notes on saliva tests.

  • Alpha-amylase test: Test for the presence of alpha-amylase to determine the presence of saliva; the result can be observed w/ microscope

  • Starch-Iodine test: Starch turns iodine blue. Amylase in saliva breaks down starch; hence making the solution less blue

  • Phadebas reagent: Starch is linked to reagent and when amylase is present, it breaks down starch and yields a color change.






  1. Take notes on urine tests.

  • Azostix test: To test for the presence of urea and creatinine in blood.  (14-31 mg/ml for urea and 1.05-2.1mg/ml) for creatinine.

  • DMAC test: Test for presence of urea; pink or magenta color when positive 




  1. Take notes on vaginal secretion tests.

  • PAS (Periodic Acid-Schiff): Reagent stains glycogenated epithelial cells present in the vaginal secretion magenta; observe under a microscope.

  • Acid Phosphatase: Like in testing for semen. Positive result yields a purple color.