CSD 361

Term,Definition

What are the hallmark characteristics of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)?,"Deficits in social communication and interaction, and restricted, repetitive behaviors/interests. Symptoms present in early childhood and impact functioning. Varies by severity level (DSM-5 Levels 1–3)."

What is Developmental Language Disorder (DLD)?,"A diagnosis of exclusion for children aged 3+ who have language deficits without cognitive, hearing, or neurological impairments. Key features: morphosyntactic difficulties, small vocabulary, pragmatic deficits."

How is Late Language Emergence (LLE) different from DLD?,"LLE refers to delayed language before age 4. Many late talkers catch up, but some develop DLD. DLD is diagnosed at age 3+ with persistent language issues."

What are common traits of individuals with Down syndrome?,"Mild to moderate ID, strong pragmatics and receptive skills, challenges in morphosyntax and intelligibility, hearing issues, and physical traits like small oral cavity and low muscle tone."

Describe key features of Williams syndrome.,"Mild/moderate ID, strong auditory and affective skills, poor joint attention, social challenges despite sociability, and a mixed language profile."

What is Fragile X Syndrome and how does it affect language?,"A genetic condition causing ID (more severe in males), with expressive language deficits, phonological issues, and relative strengths in receptive language and long-term memory."

Define Intellectual Disability (ID).,"Significant limitations in intellectual and adaptive functioning, with onset before age 18. Diagnosed via IQ and adaptive behavior measures."

How are developmental disabilities different from intellectual disabilities?,"Developmental disabilities is a broader term including ID, autism, cerebral palsy, etc. ID specifically refers to deficits in intellectual and adaptive functioning."

What are the tiers of vocabulary?,"Tier 1: Basic, everyday words; Tier 2: High-frequency academic words; Tier 3: Domain-specific, low-frequency vocabulary."

What is curriculum-based assessment?,"Observation and assessment tied to classroom content, focusing on language needed for academic success and informing intervention goals."

What is the ecological model?,"A framework emphasizing the role of the support system and environment on functioning, used to tailor supports for people with ID."

What is the social model of disability and neuroaffirming care?,"Disability is seen as a societal issue, not an individual defect. Neuroaffirming care emphasizes acceptance, avoids masking autistic traits, and supports the individual’s environment."

What are cognitive processes and how do you accommodate deficits?,"Strategies: Attention (wait time), Discrimination (self-monitoring), Organization (chunking), Transfer (metacognitive strategies), Memory (repetition), Motivation (task matching)."

What is the three-pronged approach to intervention for ID?,"Focus on typical development patterns, lifelong needs, and individualized modifications based on strengths/weaknesses."

What are communication temptations?,Strategies to encourage spontaneous communication by creating situations where the child is motivated to communicate.

What are peer mediation strategies?,"Training peers to support social skills—like initiating play, resolving conflicts—for children with communication disorders."

What is Enhanced Milieu Teaching (EMT)?,"Naturalistic approach for early language learners. Focuses on vocabulary and parent training. Strategies: mand-model, time-delay, incidental teaching."

What is Conversational Recast Training (CRT)?,Targets grammar by reformulating a child’s utterance into a more grammatically accurate version during play.

What is Sentence Combining?,Technique to teach complex grammar to older children by combining simpler sentences into more complex forms.

What is Functional Communication Training (FCT)?,"Uses behavioral principles to replace challenging behaviors with appropriate communication strategies, based on functional behavior analysis."

What is the SCERTS model?,"Focuses on Social Communication, Emotional Regulation, and Transactional Support. Emphasizes following the child's lead and facilitating social-emotional growth."

What is video modeling?,Teaching tool where a child watches a video of a skill being performed and then imitates the behavior.

What are social stories?,Short narratives designed to teach appropriate behaviors and self-regulation by illustrating social situations and expected responses.