Abraham Lincoln

• 1856 - Joined Republican Party

• 1858 - Ran against Stephen Douglas

• Achievements included the Lincoln-Douglas debates + inaugural address + Gettysburg Address during the Civil War

• After he won the election of 1860, the South seceded

• Famous for the Emancipation Proclamation

• Andrew Johnson served as his VP in the Election of 1864

• Assassinated by John Wilkes Booth

Jefferson Davis

• Famous for his contributions to the Black Hawk War + Mexican War

• Democrat

• 1861 - Served as the President of the Confederate States of America

  • Authoritarian

  • Held back by states’ rights

• Imprisoned from 1865-1867

Fort Sumter

• South Carolina

• 1861 - Fired upon by Confederates

• Lincoln responded militarily, which is believed to have provoked a Confederate attack in response

Border States

• 1861 - 4 border states stayed, 4 border states seceded

• Missouri, Kentucky, Maryland, Delaware, West Virginia

• If they were allowed not to have slavery, they were convinced not to secede

• Lincoln used military force + police powers, which was unconstitutional

Robert E. Lee

• Declined offer to lead Union army

• 1862 - Became Commander of Confederacy instead

• 1865 - Surrendered to General Grant at Appomattox Courthouse, ending the Civil War

• Urged a peaceful end to war

Forts Henry and Donelson

• Ulysses S. Grant captured both forts

• Marked a major Union victory

• Grant kept Kentucky from seceding

Ulysses S. Grant

• 1863 - Became commander of Union forces

• Victories at Vicksburg + the freeing of the Mississippi River

• Called a butcher of his own men

• Elected president in 1868

  • There were many scandals during his presidency in the Gilded Age

First Battle of Bull Run

• 1861

• Because “Stonewall” Jackson refused to retreat, it ended as a Southern victory

• Caused the first realization that the Civil War would be long and bloody

Trent Affair

• The Trent was a British ship

• A conflict that almost resulted in the British allying with the Confederates during the Civil War

Shiloh

• 1862 - Fought in western Tennessee

• Resulted in a Union victory

• Caused the Confederacy to lose Albert Sydney Johnston

• Almost caused the end to Ulysses Grant’s career

Monitor v. Merrimac

• 1862

• The Merrimac, a Confederate ship, was destroying wooden Union ships

• Ended in a draw

• The Merrimac avoided capture

Alabama

• Was a successful Confederate raider

• Was a source of diplomatic crisis between the UK + US

Thomas J. “Stonewall” Jackson

• A brilliant Confederate commander

• Led victories in the Shenandoah Valley + Chancellorsville

• His death in 1863 hurt the Confederacy

Antietam

• 1862

• The bloodiest one-day battle in US history

• Robert E. Lee’s retreat was good news for the Union

• Sparked the Emancipation Proclamation

• Stopped foreign support of Confederacy

Emancipation Proclamation

• 1863

• Put forward a moral justification for the Civil War

• Recruitment of Black soldiers

• All Southern states that had been conquered by the Union were forced to follow it

Fredericksburg

• 1862

• Setback for Union

• Severe Union casualties

Gettysburg

• 1863

• Large + crucial battle

• Unsuccessful Confederate attacks (ex. Pickett’s Charge)

• Doomed the Confederacy for the rest of the war

Siege of Vicksburg

• 1863

• General Grant’s siege resulted in the Confederate’s hold on the Mississippi River falling

• Demoralized the South

• Geographically split the Confederacy

Sherman’s March to the Sea

• 1864

• Marched from Atlanta to Savannah

• “Total war” - Making war on civilians’ property (like destroying fields, killing animals, etc.)

• Further demoralized South

Election of 1864

• 1864

• Reelected Lincoln

• Andrew Johnson served as Lincoln’s VP

• Defeated Copperheads

Copperheads

• Northern Democrats opposed to Civil War

• 1863 - Openly attacked Lincoln + his war policies

• 1864 - Supported George McClellan in election

Appomattox Courthouse

• 1865 - General Lee surrendered to General Grant

• Lee urged his men to surrender + return to a normal, peaceful life after the end of the war

Conscription

• 1862 - Conscription began for Confederacy

• 1863 - Conscription began for Union

• Needed troops

• New York Draft Riots

  • Irish immigrants lynched + destroyed the property of African Americans

  • Put down by troops

Greenbacks

• 1861

• Paper currency printed during the Civil War

• Because it wasn’t backed by precious metals, a high amount of inflation resulted

BIG PICTURE

• Civil War - Opposing interpretations of fed. gov’t

• Total warfare - Civil populations + resources attacked + destroyed

• Abraham Lincoln’s skillful management → Role model + legacy

• End of Civil War → More powerful + authoritative fed. gov’t

• Consequences - Changing race relationships + economic transformations