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UNIT 1 THE GLOBAL TAPESTRY

UNIT 1.1: Song Dynasty (Eastern Asia)

• utilized traditional methods of Confucianism and an imperial bureaucracy to maintain and justify its rule.

• They influenced neighboring regions (Korea and Japan) with confucianism, buddhism, Taoism, civil service exam and their bureaucracy system.

• technological innovations included champagne rice, grand canal, steel and iron production, textile and porcelains for export.

UNIT 1.2: Turks (Dhar Islam)

• Abbasid Caliphate fragmented (taken down by the mongols)

• New group in charge after Abbasid Caliphate are the Turks (Seljuk empire, Mamluk sultanate, Delhi Sultanates)

• intellectual innovations (Mathematics/ algebra and literature and medicine) and transfer (House of wisdom in Abbasid Bagdad and scholarly and cultural transfer in Muslim and Christian Spain)

• they expanded through Afro Eurasia due to military, activities of merchants, missionaries and Sufis (spiritual islam).

UNIT 1.3: Delhi Sultanate (South and South East Asia)

• Islamic turks, when they take over, they paved the way for mongols later on.

• New Hindu and Buddhist states: Vigayanagara empire is Hindu. Srivijaya is Buddhist and is a huge trading area

• beliefs and practices that happen societies in south and Southeast Asia included the Bhakti movement, sufism, and Buddhist Monasticism.

UNIT 1.4: The Americas

• In the americas, as in Afro-Eurasian states (Inca / most important) systems demonstrated continuity, innovation, and diversity, and expanded in scope and reach.

• Roads system, Mita system

UNIT 1.5: Africa

• state systems (Great Zimbabwe, Ethiopia) demonstrated continuity, innovation, and diversity and expanded In scope and reach.

• Mali empire was a new trading society. Founding ruler was Muslim and used his faith to establish trade relationships with North Africa and Arab Merchants. GOLD. relied on land based trade.

• Zimbabwe but its prosperity on a mixture of agriculture, grazing, trade and gold. Relied on coastal city states trade such as Mombasa. Taxes on gold made it WEALTHY. Tied into the Indian Ocean TRADE connecting it to East Africa, Middle East, South Asia and east Asia. in east Africa, traders welded Bandtu and Arabic to develop a new language called Swahili (cultural and religious effect on trade you could use for a written response)

• Ethiopia spread christianity from its origin along the east coast of the Mediterranean sea south into Egypt and beyond. Prospered by trading goods obtained from India, Arabia, The Roman Empire and the interior of Africa. In the 7th century, the spread of Islam made the region more diverse religiously.

UNIT 1.6: Europe

• Christianity, Judaism and Islam were the core beliefs and practices that shaped societies in Europe.

• Europe was largely agricultural society dependent on free and coerced labor, including SERFDOM.

• Europe was politically fragmented and characterized by decent railed monarchies (they are WEAK), feudalism, and the manorial system (involved a manor house on a self-sufficient estate worked by peasants, serfs, and free laborers)

UNIT 2 NETWORKS OF EXCHANGE

UNIT 2.1: Silk road

• improved commercial practices led to an increased volume of trade and expanded the geographical range of existing trade routes (Silk Road) promoting the growth of new trading cities including kashgar and Samarkand.

• The growth of interregional trade in luxury goods was encourage by innovations in previously existing transportation and commercial technologies, including caravanserai, compass, gunpowder, credit and money economies (Bills of exchange, banking houses, use of paper money)

• Demand for luxury goods increased in Afro-Eurasia. Chinese, Persian, and Indian artisans and merchants expanded their production of textiles and porcelains for export; manufacture of iron and steel expanded in China.

UNIT 2.2: Mongols

• Empires collapsed in different regions of the worlds and in some areas were replaced by new imperial states including the Mongol Khanates.

• The expansion of empires (mongols) facilities Afro-Eurasian trade and communication as new people were drawn into their conquerors economies and trade networks.

• interregional contacts and conflicts between states and empires, including the mongols, encouraged signifiant technological and cultural transfers (Greco-islamic medical knowledge to Western Europe, trader of numbering systems of Europe, and adoption of uyghnur script)

UNIT 2.3: Indian Ocean Trade

• The growth of interregional trade in luxury goods was encouraged by significant innovations in previously exiting transportation and commercial technologies, including the use of the compass the astrolabe and larger ships designs.

• The growth of states including the Swahili coast

• promoted the growth of powerful new trading cities

• In key places along the important trade routes merchants set up diasporas communities (Arabs and Persian in East Africa, Chines merchants in Southeast Asia, Malay communities in the Indian Ocean Basin) where they introduced their own cultural traditions into the indigenous cultures and in turn, indigenous cultures influenced merchant cultures.

• interregional contacts and conflicts between states and empires encourage significant technological and cultural transfer, including during China maritime activity led by Ming Admiral Zheng He

• the expansion and intensification of long distance trade routes often depended on environmental knowledge, including advanced knowledge of the monsoon winds.

UNIT 2.4: Trans-saharan Trade

• the growth of interregional trade was encouraged by innovations in existing transportation technologies (caravanserai, compass, forms of credit, larger ship designs).

• improved transportation technologies and commercial practices led to an increased volume of trade and expanded the geographical range of existing trade routes, including the trans-saharan trade network.

• The expansion of empires (Mali in west Africa) facility afro eurasian trade and communication as new people were drawn into the economies and trade networks

UNIT 2.5: Technology

• increased cross-cultural interactions resulted in the diffusion of literary, artistic and cultural traditions(Buddhism in East Asia, spread of Hinduism and Buddhism into Southeast Asia, Spread of Islam in Sub-Saharan Africa and Asia) , as well as scientific and technological innovation (Gunpowder from China, Paper from China)

• The fate of cities varied greatly, with period of significant decline and periods of increased urbanization, buoyed by rising productivity and expanding trade networks.

• as exchange networks intensified, travelers came along including Ibn Battuta (Moroccan Muslim scholar, the most widely traveled individual of his time. He wrote a detailed account of his visits to Islamic lands from China to Spain and the western Sudan) and Marco Polo

UNIT 2.6: Environment

• there was continued diffusion of crops (bananas in Africa, new rice varieties in East Asia and spread of citrus in the Mediterranean) and pathogens, with epidemic diseases, including the BUBONIC PLAGUE, along trade routes.