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Introduction to Cell Biology

Definition of Cell Biology

• Cell biology is the study of cellular structure and function.

• Focuses on the physiological properties of cells, their organelles, interactions with their environment, and the processes that govern their function.

Importance of Cell Biology

• Understanding cell biology is crucial for comprehending the basis of life.

• Essential for advancements in health, medicine, and biotechnology.

• Provides insights into diseases at the cellular level, leading to targeted therapies.

History of Cell Biology

• Founded on the discovery of cells by Robert Hooke in 1665.

• Development of the Cell Theory in the mid-1800s by Schleiden, Schwann, and Virchow:

  • All living things are composed of cells.

  • The cell is the basic unit of life.

  • All cells arise from pre-existing cells.

Types of Cells

• Prokaryotic Cells:

  • Simple, smaller, lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.

  • Example: Bacteria.

• Eukaryotic Cells:

  • Complex, larger, contain a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.

  • Examples: Plants, animals, fungi, and protists.