English 2 Review

Definition: These are expressions that demonstrate good manners and respect towards other individuals.
Examples: Some common polite expressions include: "I am sorry," "Please," and "Thank you." Other examples are "Excuse me," "Pardon me," "It is all right," "Good bye," "May I help you?", and "May I borrow your…."
Situational Use:
- Situation: Luke volunteers to help Dan, who is carrying a big basket.
  - Response: Dan should say, "Thank you."
- Situation: Ara wants the bowl of rice, but it is far from her.
  - Response: Ara should say, "Please pass the rice."

Definition: This refers to the process of arranging events in the order in which they occurred within a story or narrative.

Non-sentences: These are groups of words that do not convey a complete thought or idea.
Sentences: These are groups of words that successfully express complete ideas or thoughts.
Sentence Writing Rules: Sentences must always begin with a capital letter and conclude with a punctuation mark, such as a period ( $.$ ).

Telling Sentence (Declarative Sentence):
- Function: It states or tells about something.
- Structure: It begins with a capital letter and ends with a period ( $.$ ).
Asking Sentence (Interrogative Sentence):
- Function: It poses a question.
- Structure: It begins with a capital letter and ends with a question mark ( $?$ ).
Sentences that give commands (Imperative Sentences):
- Function: These sentences instruct someone to perform an action.
Sentences that express requests:
- Function: These are a type of command, but they are made pleasant to hear through the use of polite words.
- Polite Words used in Requests: Examples include "Please," "Will you please," "Kindly," and "May I."

Who: Used to inquire about the name of a person or persons.
What: Used to inquire about the name of a thing, a place, an animal, or an event.
Where: Used to inquire about the name of a place.
When: Used to inquire about a date and time.
Why: Used to inquire about a reason.
How: Used to inquire about the manner or way something is done.

Cause: This explains why something happens; it is the reason for an event.
Effect: This describes what happens as a result of the cause; it is the outcome or consequence.
Examples:
- Cause: Sam forgot her lunch. $\rightarrow$ Effect: He was hungry all day.
- Cause: Allysa was very tired. $\rightarrow$ Effect: She went to bed early.
- Cause: Sandra forgot to water her plants. $\rightarrow$ Effect: They withered.
- Cause: Belle studied for the test. $\rightarrow$ Effect: She got a high score.
- Cause: She forgot her umbrella. $\rightarrow$ Effect: Jane was soaked in the rain.
- Cause: She slept very late. $\rightarrow$ Effect: Belinda woke up late.
- Cause: Traffic was so heavy. $\rightarrow$ Effect: We arrived late in school.

Definition: A noun is a word that serves to name a person, place, thing, animal, or event.
Examples of Nouns by Category:
- People: nurse, guard
- Things: pencil, toy
- Places: school, park, building
- Animals: chicken, rabbit
- Events: fiesta, birthday

Common Nouns: These refer to the general names of people, places, things, animals, or events.
Proper Nouns: These refer to the particular, specific names of people, places, things, animals, or events.
Rule for writing Proper Nouns: Proper nouns must always begin with a capital letter.

Definition (Implied): Verbs are words that express an action or a state of being. The transcript focuses on verbs as action words.
Examples of Verbs in Sentences:
- In the sentence "Mother bakes delicious cakes," the verb is bakes.
- In the sentence "Father drives a blue car," the verb is drives.
- In the sentence "Grandmother tells us funny stories," the verb is tells.
- In the sentence "Grandfather plants vegetables in the yard," the verb is plants.
- In the sentence "Aunt Lita cleans the house," the verb is cleans.