Latviešu valoda medicīnā

Greetings

• Labrīt! - Good morning!
• Labdien! - Good day! Hello!
• Labvakar! - Good evening!
• Sveiki! (pl., form.) - Hello!
• Sveika! (f.) - Hello!
• Sveiks! (m.) - Hello!
• Čau! (colloq.) - Hi!

Saying Goodbye

• Uz redzēšanos! - Goodbye!
• Visu labu! - Goodbye! Bye!
• Atā! - Bye! See you!
• Līdz rītam! - See you tomorrow!

Thanking and Giving Things

• Paldies! - Thank you.
• Lūdzu! - You are welcome. Please. Here you are!
• Liels paldies! - Thank you very much!
• Nav par ko. - My pleasure. Never mind.

Apologizing and Getting Attention

• Atvainojiet!/Piedodiet! (pl., form.) - I'm sorry.
• Atvaino!/Piedod! (sg., inform.) - I'm sorry.
• Tas nekas. - It's okay.
• Atvainojiet! (pl., form.) - Excuse me!
• Atvaino! (sg., inform.) - Excuse me!

Communication

• Kā lūdzu? - Pardon me? Sorry?
• Lūdzu, lēnāk! - Please more slowly.
• Lūdzu, vēlreiz! - One more time please.
• Skaidrs. - Clear. I see.
• Jauku dienu! - Have a nice day!

Introducing

• Kā jūs sauc? (pl., form.) - What is your name?
• Kā tevi sauc? (sg., inform.) - What is your name?
• Kāds ir jūsu vārds un uzvārds? (form.) - What is your name and surname?
• Mani sauc…/Mans vārds ir … - My name is …
• Es esmu … - I am…
• Mans uzvārds ir… - My surname is …
• Priecājos iepazīties! - Pleased to meet you!
• Ļoti patīkami! - Nice to meet you!

Expressions of Well-being

• Kā jums iet? Kā tev iet? Kā jums klājas? Kā tev klājas? – How are you?
• Man iet …
  • slikti - bad
  • ļoti slikti - very bad
  • traki - terribly
  • Varētu būt labāk - Could be better
  • labi - good
  • ļoti labi - very good
  • normāli = tā nekas - normal
  • diezgan labi - quite good
  • Viss ir kārtībā - Everything is ok

Nominative Case

• Used to answer the questions "kas?" (what? who?)
• Masculine
  • 1st declension: -s, -š (e.g., draugs, kaimiņš)
  • 2nd declension: -is (e.g., brālis)
  • 3rd declension: -us (e.g., tirgus)
• Feminine
  • 4th declension: -a (e.g., māsa)
  • 5th declension: -e (e.g., mute)
  • 6th declension: -s (e.g., nakts)
  • Some feminine gender nouns of the 6th declension: nakts (night), pils (castle), valsts (state, country), sirds (heart), acs (eye), auss (ear), krūtis (chest, breasts), asinis (blood), uguns (fire), zivs (fish), durvis (door)
• Some exceptions: ūdens (water), rudens (autumn), suns (dog). They are declined like the nouns of the 2nd declension.
• 2nd declension nouns in plural always have soft consonant:
  • brālis – brāļi
  • muskulis – muskuļi
  • vīrietis – vīrieši
  • latvietis – latvieši
• Social roles and professions also have genders:
  • students – studente
  • profesors – profesore
  • ārsts – ārste
  • draugs – draudzene
  • grupas biedrs – grupas biedrene
  • kardiologs – kardioloģe

Verb "to be" - būt

• Present Tense Conjugation:
  • es - esmu - neesmu (I am/I am not)
  • tu - esi - neesi (you are/you are not)
  • viņš/viņa - ir - nav (he/she is/he/she is not)
  • mēs - esam - neesam (we are/we are not)
  • jūs - esat - neesat (you are/you are not)
  • viņi/viņas - ir - nav (they are/they are not)

Demonstrative Pronouns

• IT / THAT
  • masculine: TAS
  • feminine: TĀ
• THOSE
  • masculine: TIE
  • feminine: TĀS
• Examples:
  • Tas ir autobuss. - It is a bus.
  • Tā ir universitāte. - It is a university.
  • Tie ir autobusi. - Those are buses.
  • Tās ir universitātes. - Those are universities.

Possessive Pronouns

• mans, mana - my
• tavs, tava - your (singular, informal)
• Examples:
  • mans draugs - my friend (male)
  • mana draudzene - my friend (female)
  • mani vecāki - my parents
  • manas māsas - my sisters
  • tavs draugs - your friend (male)
  • tava draudzene - your friend (female)
  • tavi vecāki - your parents
  • tavas māsas - your sisters