Unit 3 Study Guide Flashcards
Characteristics of Healthy versus Unhealthy Relationships
Conceptual Understanding
Students are not required to memorize a rote list of every specific characteristic, but they must possess a deep conceptual understanding of what these traits mean in practice.
Healthy Relationships: Characterized by mutual respect, trust, honesty, support, and equality. In a healthy dynamic, individuals maintain their own identities and boundaries while fostering a connection based on open communication and safety.
Unhealthy Relationships: Defined by patterns of coercion, control, dishonesty, or disrespect. These often involve one partner attempting to exert power over the other, leading to a lack of safety, whether emotional, physical, or psychological.
Seven Types of Toxic Friendships
The Competitor
This individual views the friendship as a zero-sum game or a race. They constantly strive to "one-up" your accomplishments. If you share good news, they respond by highlighting a bigger achievement of their own, making it difficult for you to feel genuinely supported or celebrated.
The Flake
This person is consistently unreliable. They frequently make plans only to cancel at the last minute or fail to show up entirely. Their unpredictability makes it impossible to depend on them during times of need, as their commitment to the relationship is secondary to their convenience.
The User
The dynamic with a User is purely transactional. They maintain the friendship only as long as they are receiving something of value, such as money, social status, rides, or homework help. Once their needs are met, or if you require support in return, they generally become unavailable.
The Controller
A Controller attempts to dictate your choices, behaviors, and other social associations. They may express jealousy toward your other friends or family members and try to isolate you. They use manipulation or guilt to ensure things are done according to their preferences.
The Bad Influence
This individual encourages or pressures you to engage in behaviors that are risky, unethical, or contrary to your personal values and goals. They often dismiss your concerns or boundaries, normalizing destructive habits as "fun" or "living life."
The Jokester
This type of toxic friend uses humor as a shield or a weapon. They often make passive-aggressive comments or blatant insults at your expense, then dismiss your hurt feelings by claiming they were "just kidding." The "jokes" are usually designed to undermine your self-esteem.
The Two-Face
This person presents a kind and loyal front to your face but engages in gossip or betrayal behind your back. They are untrustworthy and often share your private information with others to gain social leverage or attention.
Catholic Social Teachings (CST)
Life and Dignity of the Human Person
This is the foundational principle of all Catholic Social Teaching. It asserts that every human life is sacred from conception to natural death. Because every person is created in the image and likeness of God, their dignity is inherent and cannot be taken away by poverty, illness, or social status.
Call to Family, Community, and Participation
Humans are inherently social beings. How we organize our society—economically, politically, and legally—directly affects human dignity and the capacity of individuals to grow in community. The family is the central social institution and must be supported and strengthened.
Rights and Responsibilities
Human dignity can only be protected and a healthy community can only be achieved if human rights are protected and responsibilities are met. Every person has a fundamental right to life and a right to those things required for human decency. Corresponding to these rights are duties and responsibilities—to one’s family, to friends, and to the larger society.
Option for the Poor and Vulnerable
A basic moral test for any society is how its most vulnerable members are faring. In a society marred by deepening divisions between rich and poor, current Catholic teaching instructs us to put the needs of the poor and vulnerable first.
The Dignity of Work and the Rights of Workers
The economy must serve people, not the other way around. Work is more than a way to make a living; it is a form of continuing participation in God’s creation. The basic rights of workers must be respected, including the right to productive work, to decent and fair wages, and to the organization and joining of unions.
Solidarity
We are one human family regardless of our national, racial, ethnic, economic, and ideological differences. We are our brothers’ and sisters’ keepers, wherever they may be. Loving our neighbor has global dimensions and requires the pursuit of justice and peace.
Care for God’s Creation
We show our respect for the Creator by our stewardship of creation. Care for the earth is not just an Earth Day slogan, it is a requirement of our faith. We are called to protect people and the planet, living our faith in relationship with all of God’s creation.
Motivation and Decision Making
Motivation Types
Intrinsic Motivation: This refers to behavior that is driven by internal rewards. The motivation to engage in a behavior arises from within the individual because it is naturally satisfying to them (e.g., learning a subject because you find it fascinating).
Extrinsic Motivation: This occurs when we are motivated to perform a behavior or engage in an activity to earn a reward or avoid punishment (e.g., studying to get an or to avoid being grounded).
Locus of Control
Internal Locus of Control: The belief that one has power over their own life. Individuals with an internal locus of control believe that their successes and failures are a direct result of the effort and decisions they make.
External Locus of Control: The belief that life is controlled by outside factors which the individual cannot influence. This includes attributing outcomes to luck, fate, chance, or the influence of powerful others.
Moral Decision Making Model
A structured approach to navigating ethical dilemmas. It involves identifying the moral nature of the situation, considering the objective act, the intention (motive), and the circumstances surrounding the decision to determine the most virtuous path forward.
The Four Types of Love
Storge (Family Love)
This is the natural, instinctual affection that exists between family members. It is the bond between parents and children or among siblings. It is often described as the love of "kinship."
Philia (Friendship Love)
This represents the strong bond of friendship and brotherly love. It is a love based on companionship, shared interests, and mutual respect between equals.
Eros (Romantic Love)
This is passionate, romantic, and often physical love. It involves a deep emotional and sensory longing for another person.
Agape (Unconditional Love)
This is the highest form of love: self-sacrificing, unconditional, and selfless. In a Christian context, it refers to the love of God for man and the love that humans should have for each other regardless of circumstances. It is a deliberate choice to desire the highest good for another person.
Conditions of Forgiveness
Acknowledge the Hurt: One must recognize and admit that a wrong has occurred and that pain was caused.
The Decision to Forgive: Forgiveness is an act of the will, not just a feeling. It involves deciding to let go of the desire for revenge or "getting even."
Relinquishing Resentment: The process of consciously letting go of the anger and bitterness associated with the offense.
Distinction from Reconciliation: It is critical to understand that forgiveness is an internal process that happens within the person who was hurt, whereas reconciliation requires both parties to work together to restore the relationship. Forgiveness can happen even if reconciliation is not possible or safe.