Page 1: Body Systems

Overview

• Introduction to collaborative activity focusing on various body systems.

Page 2: Circulatory System

Group Members

• Rachel, Tatum, and Jay

Key Components

• Heart: central organ of the circulatory system.

• Blood Vessels: arteries, veins, and capillaries that transport blood.

• Blood Components: cells (red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets) and plasma.

Page 3: Circulatory Prefixes

Common Prefixes

• Angi/o - vessel

• Arteri/o - artery

• Phleb/o - vein

• Cardi/o - heart

• Ather/o - fatty plaque

• Brady - slow

• Tachy - fast

• Thromb/o - clotting

• Vascul/o - blood vessel

• Vaso - vessels

• Hemo - blood

Page 4: Circulatory Suffixes

Common Suffixes

• -emia: condition of blood

• -gram: record

• -itis: inflammation

• -plasty: surgical repair

• -rrhagia: excess blood flow

• -sclerosis: abnormal hardening

• -stasis: control

• -graphy: to record or take a picture

Page 5: Circulatory Abbreviations

Common Abbreviations

• BP or B/P - blood pressure

• CBC - complete blood count

• Cath - catheter

• DVT - deep vein thrombosis

• CVA - cerebrovascular accident

• ECG or EKG - electrocardiogram

• AFib - Atrial fibrillation

• CAD - coronary artery disease

• CHF - congestive heart failure

• HTN - hypertension

• MI - Myocardial infarction

• PT - physical therapy

• PVC - premature ventricular contractions

• JVD - jugular vein distention

• TIA - transient ischemic attack

Page 6: Circulatory System Question

Clinical Scenario

• Q: The patient is experiencing heart pain. What test would you perform?

Page 7: Respiratory System

Group Members

• Samuel and Jared

Key Components

• Lungs: primary organ for gas exchange.

• Respiration: process of breathing.

• Ventilation: movement of air in and out of the lungs.

• Diffusion: exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide at the alveolar level.

Page 8: Respiratory Prefixes

Common Prefixes

• bronch/o - bronchi

• nas/o - nose

• or/o - mouth

• ox/o - oxygen

• pharyng/o - pharynx

• pleur/o - pleura (membranes surrounding lungs)

• pneumon/o - air/lung

• pulmon/o - lung

• rhin/o - nose

• thorac/o - chest/chest cavity

• Tachy - fast

• Brady - slow

Page 9: Respiratory Suffixes

Common Suffixes

• -centesis: surgical puncture to remove fluid

• -ectomy: surgical removal

• -logist: specialist in study of

• -penia: deficiency

• -spasm: constriction

• -itis: inflammation

Page 10: Respiratory Abbreviations

Common Abbreviations

• COPD - chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

• ETT - Endotracheal tube

• RR - respiratory rate

• O2 sat - oxygen saturation

• ABG - arterial blood gas

• ARI - acute respiratory infection

• SOB - shortness of breath

• PE - pulmonary embolism

• CF - cystic fibrosis

• CHF - congestive heart failure

• PFT - pulmonary function test

• RDS - respiratory distress syndrome

• TB - tuberculosis

Page 11: Respiratory System Question

Clinical Scenario

• Q: What is a hemopneumothorax?

• Options:a. Too long of a wordb. Condition where blood and air are in the pleural spacec. Blood inside of the lungsd. A condition of a blood clot in a pulmonary artery

Page 12: Digestive System

Group Members

• Hannah and Josh

Key Components

• Esophagus: tube connecting the mouth to the stomach.

• Stomach: organ for digestion.

• Intestines: involved in absorption, digestion, and metabolism.

Page 13: Digestive Prefixes

Common Prefixes

• cholecyst/o - gallbladder

• col/o - colon

• enter/o - intestine

• gastro/o - stomach

• lapar/o - wall of the abdomen

• Chole - bile/gall

Page 14: Digestive Suffixes

Common Suffixes

• -lysis: breakdown

• -tomy: cut/incision

• -penia: decrease/deficiency

• -oma: tumor

• -emesis: vomiting

• -itis: inflammation

• -ectomy: surgical removal

Page 15: Digestive Abbreviations

Common Abbreviations

• BM - bowel movement

• Abd - abdominal

• GB - gallbladder

• GERD - gastroesophageal reflux disease

• NPO - nothing by mouth

• N/V - nausea/vomiting

• GI - gastrointestinal

• PEG - percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy

• PUD - peptic ulcer disease

• SBO - small bowel obstruction

• TPN - total parenteral nutrition

• UGI - upper gastrointestinal

Page 16: Digestive System Question

Clinical Scenario

• Q: If a patient is having GB surgery for cholecystitis and the surgeon orders no food by mouth after 9 PM, what surgery/condition is that and how would that protocol be abbreviated?

Page 17: Nervous System

Group Members

• Jenna and McKenna

Key Components

• Neuron: nerve cell.

• Synapse: gap between neurons for signal transmission.

• CNS: central nervous system.

• PNS: peripheral nervous system.

Page 18: Nervous Prefixes

Common Prefixes

1. Neur/o - nerve

2. Cerebr/o - cerebrum (largest part of the brain)

3. Encephal/o - brain (in/within the head)

4. Myel/o - spinal cord

5. Electro/o - electricity

6. Dys - abnormal, bad, difficult, painful

7. Psycho - mind

Page 19: Nervous Suffixes

Common Suffixes

1. -algia - pain

2. -gram - record

3. -pathy - disease condition

4. -phasia - speech or language condition

5. -ia - condition, disease

6. -oma - tumor

7. -plasty - surgical repair or reconstruction

Page 20: Nervous Abbreviations

Common Abbreviations

1. CNS - central nervous system

2. PNS - peripheral nervous system

3. ANS - autonomic nervous system

4. SNS - sympathetic nervous system

5. CSF - cerebrospinal fluid

6. LP - lumbar puncture

7. MRI - magnetic resonance imaging

8. CVA - cerebrovascular accident (stroke)

9. EEG - electroencephalogram

10. ICP - intracranial pressure

11. MS - multiple sclerosis

12. TBI - traumatic brain injury

13. TIA - transient ischemic attack

Page 21: Nervous System Question

Clinical Scenario

• Q: What does the term neuralgia mean?

Page 22: Musculoskeletal System

Group Members

• Kassy and Mia

Key Components

• Bones: structure of the body.

• Muscles: facilitate movement.

Page 23: Musculoskeletal Prefixes

Common Prefixes

• Osteo-: bone

• My/o-: muscle

• Arthro-: joint

• Chondro-: cartilage

• Spondylo-: spine

• Ten(o)- or Teno-: tendon

• Ligamento-: ligament

• Cost(o)-: rib

• Burs(o)-: sac

• Dys-: abnormal, bad, painful

Page 24: Musculoskeletal Suffixes

Common Suffixes

• -algia: pain

• -itis: swelling

• -ectomy: removal

• -osis: condition or disease process

• -pathy: disease

• -plasty: repairing

• -stasis: stoppage

• -desis: binding or fixation

• -tomy: cut

• -malacia: softening

Page 25: Musculoskeletal Abbreviations

Common Abbreviations

• MSK: Musculoskeletal

• ROM: range of motion

• Fx: fracture

• OA: osteoarthritis

• RA: rheumatoid arthritis

• TMJ: temporomandibular joint

• CTS: carpal tunnel syndrome

• DTR: deep tendon reflexes

• ACL: anterior cruciate ligament

• PCL: posterior cruciate ligament

• MCL: medial collateral ligament

• LCL: lateral collateral ligament

• PT: physical therapy/physical therapist

• TKR: total knee replacement

• DJD: degenerative joint disease

• THA: total hip arthroplasty

Page 26: Musculoskeletal Question

Clinical Scenario

• Q: Which abbreviation refers to a surgical procedure that replaces a damaged knee joint with an artificial one?

• Options:A. DJDB. TKRC. ROMD. CTS

Page 27: Endocrine System

Group Members

• Becca and Nicole

Key Components

• Glands: organs that secrete hormones.

• Hormones: chemical messengers in the body.

Page 28: Endocrine Prefixes

Common Prefixes

1. Hypo-: below

2. Hyper-: above

3. Para-: along the side of, beside, near

4. Pancreat/o-: related to the pancreas

5. Eu-: normal, good, well

6. Tri-: three

7. Adren/o-: related to the adrenal gland

8. Hypophys/o-: related to the pituitary gland

9. Thyro-: related to the thyroid gland

10. Ovari/o-: related to the ovary

11. Orch/o-: related to the testicle

12. Endo-: within or inside

13. Glyco-: sugar or glucose

Page 29: Endocrine Suffixes

Common Suffixes

• -itis: inflammation

• -ectomy: excision/removal

• -pathy: disease condition

• -ism: condition/process

• -megaly: enlargement

• -gen: producing/forming

Page 30: Endocrine Abbreviations

Common Abbreviations

• ACTH: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone

• DM: Insulin (Diabetes Mellitus)

• GH: Growth Hormone

• TSH: Thyroid Stimulating Hormone

• T3: Triiodothyronine

• T4: Thyroxine

• ADH: Antidiuretic Hormone

• BMI: Body Mass Index

• FSBS: Finger Stick Blood Sugar

• HBA1C: Hemoglobin A1C

Page 31: Endocrine Question

Clinical Scenario

• Q: What is the difference between Type I and Type II Diabetes?

Page 32: Immune System

Group Members

• Catherine and Lexi

Key Components

• Cells: essential for immune response.

• Disorders: various immune system abnormalities.

Page 33: Immune Prefixes

Common Prefixes

• Leuk/o - white

• Immun/o - refers to immunity

• Path/o - disease

• Carcin/o - cancer/cancerous

• Anti - against

• Aut/o - self

• Lymph/o - lymph

• Phago - consume/engulf

Page 34: Immune Suffixes

Common Suffixes

• Cyte - cell

• -emia - blood condition

• -oma - tumor

• -algia - pain

• -osis - abnormal condition

• -megaly - enlargement

• -cytosis - increase in number of cells

• -pathy - disease

• -suppress - reduce

Page 35: Immune Abbreviations

Common Abbreviations

• HIV - Human immunodeficiency virus

• CA - Cancer

• HBV - Hepatitis B virus or vaccine

• TX - Treatment

• AIDS - Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

• MS - multiple sclerosis

• ANA - antinuclear antibodies

• CBC - complete blood count

• IgG - Immunoglobulin G

• RA - rheumatoid arthritis

• SLE - systemic lupus erythematosus

• T-cell: thymus cell

• WBC: white blood cell

Page 36: Immune Question

Clinical Scenario

• Q: What is a common abbreviation that one would see in a CBC report?

• Options:A. SLEB. WBCC. RAD. IgG

Page 37: Integumentary System

Group Members

• Kassy and Mia

Key Components

• Skin: largest organ of the body.

Page 38: Integumentary Prefixes

Common Prefixes

• derm/o - skin

• dermat/o - skin

• Epi- - above, upon

• hyper- - above

• intra- - within

• sub- - below

• Hypo - below

Page 39: Integumentary Suffixes

Common Suffixes

• -ectomy: removal

• -cyte: cell

• -itis: swelling

• -megaly: abnormal enlargement

• -oid: like

• -plasia: formation

• -osis: condition

Page 40: Integumentary Abbreviations

Common Abbreviations

• BCC - Basal Cell Carcinoma

• TD - Transdermal

• SCC - Squamous Cell Carcinoma

• MRSA - Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus

• I&D - Incision and Drainage

• Bx - Biopsy

• VRSA - Vancomycin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus

• BSA - Body Surface Area

• Derm - Dermatology / Dermatologist

• LES - Lower Esophageal Sphincter

Page 41: Integumentary Question

Clinical Scenario

• Q: A 25-year-old woman has a weird mole appear on her body. She goes to the emergency room and gets referred to another doctor. What kind of doctor is she referred to?

Page 42: Urinary System

Group Members

• Jenna and McKenna

Key Components

• Kidneys: filter blood to produce urine.

• Bladder: stores urine.

• Urethra: conducts urine outside of the body.

Page 43: Urinary Prefixes

Common Prefixes

• Cyst/o - bladder

• Gynec/o - women’s reproductive system

• Hyster/o - uterus

• Nephr/o - kidneys (referring to disease conditions)

• Ren/o - kidneys (referring to anatomy)

• Ureter/o - ureter (transports urine from kidneys to bladder)

• Urethr/o - urethra (transports urine from bladder to outside body)

• Urin/o - urine

• Ur/o - urinary system

• Vesic/o - bladder

Page 44: Urinary Suffixes

Common Suffixes

• -uria: urine condition

• -itis: inflammation

• -scopy: process of visual examination

• -ology: study of

• -lysis: breakdown/separation/destruction

• -renal: kidney

• -cele: swelling

Page 45: Urinary Abbreviations

Common Abbreviations

• UTI - urinary tract infection

• GYN - gynecology

• U/O - urinary output

• U/A - urinalysis

• LUT - lower urinary tract symptoms

• UC - ulcerative colitis

• KUB - kidney, ureter, bladder

• pH - potential for hydrogen

• GN - glomerulonephritis (a group of kidney infections)

• IBH - inguinal bladder hernia

• CATH - catheter (could be urinary catheter)

• BUN - blood urea nitrogen

• CKD - chronic kidney disease

• ESRD - end-stage renal disease

Page 46: Urinary System Question

Clinical Scenario

• Q: A patient is diagnosed with nephritis. The nurse explains to the patient that nephritis means?

Page 47: Reproductive System

Group Members

• Hannah and Josh

Key Components

• Understanding of reproductive organs and their functions.

Page 48: Reproductive Prefixes

Common Prefixes

• Gyneco - woman/female

• Andro - man/male

• Ovario - ovary

Page 49: Reproductive Suffixes

Common Suffixes

• -plasty: surgical repair

• -oma: tumor

• -rrhea: flow/discharge

Page 50: Laboratory Tests

Group Members

• Samuel and Jared

General Tests

• CBC: complete blood count.

• BMP: basic metabolic panel focusing on electrolyte levels and kidney function.

• CMP: comprehensive metabolic panel evaluating liver function.

• Lipid Panel: measures cholesterol levels.

• TSH: Thyroid Stimulating Hormone.

Page 51: Specific Blood Tests

Common Tests

• A1C: average blood glucose over 2-3 months.

• PT/INR: measures blood clotting time.

• Liver Function Tests: assess liver health.

• CRP: protein produced in response to inflammation.

• ESR: measures RBC coagulation rate; high indicates inflammation.

Page 52: Microbiology Tests

Group Members

• Becca and Nicole

Common Tests

• Blood Culture: test for infections in blood.

• Stool Culture: examines stool for infections.

• Sputum Culture: examines mucus from lungs for infections.

Page 53: Imaging and Diagnostic Tests

Group Members

• Catherine and Lexi

Common Tests

• X-ray: images of internal tissues.

• CT Scan: detailed images of bones and soft tissues.

• MRI: images soft tissues.

• Ultrasound: images internal structures using sound waves.

• Mammography: low-dose x-ray of breast tissue.