Ancient Greece (Test: October 3rd)

Archaic period

• The removal of the Persians

Classical Period

• Peloponnesian War, Athens vs. Sparta

Archaic Period

Sculptures

• During this period stone was the only thing that really survived,

• Items that were used for grave markers

• Lost-wax process was used to cast bronze

  • Investment was a sort of cement that formed around a figure

  • Many sculptures created with this method were melted later to create weapons and gear.

• More often than not these sculptures are made out of Morbal.

• An archaic smile is a way to have just a little emotion in the figure.

• Statues were often times painted

• Anavysos Kouros, People in ancient Greece did not look like this.

  • The Greeks Loved male nudity.

  • Realistic muscle deff.

  • Grave Marker, This person died in battle.

  • Red pigments that were originally used for the hair show that this sculpture was once Painted.

• Peplos Kore

  • Female nudity is usually frowned upon.

  • People are a type of shall.

  • The left arm is missing indicating that there was a septage piece of marble for the hand.

  • Stature was destroyed by the Persians.

  • Buried under the Acropolis.

  • Art historians think she represented a goddess. Goddesses would often be represented by what they hold in their hands.

• Trends

  • isosceles triangle known as the Pediment often involved a relief sculpture

  • Frieze, architrave.

  • Colom of the doric order, have no base with a simplified capital

• Athenian Agora

  • Used for commerce

  • Religious center.

  • Government buildings

  • Panathenaic Way, a parade route for a celebration of wisdom. Leads up to the Acropolis.

  • Stoa: a long skinny hypostal hall used for shade. These are like more permanent easy-ups.

  • the assistance was built in Italy, influenced by the Greeks (will be covered in the future)

    
    

Classical period: Trends

• Greeks were prolific potters

  • White-ground: A white base coat to allow other colors.

  • A red-Figure: A black slip was added to create negative space revealing a figure.

  • Black-Figure: Using black to create the figures then removing it with an etching tool to create details.

Niobides Krater

• Used for storing and mixing water and wine.

  • The concessionary tail of Niobie,

  • Wornse aguenced humerus, unchecked pride.

  • Hurkulease is a product of infidelity. Shown in the nude, wearing a lion pelt (the twelve labors)

  • The gods are vengeful and pitty.

  • Unsure why he is there

  • A depiction of Athena was also shown

• Figures don’t occupy one single ground line

  • Many are floating!! why the heck would they be floating, This is an attempt by an artist to display complex 3D space.

Doryphoros (Spear Bear)

• A Roman copy (fanboys)

• Exactly 7 heads tall

• Found in Pompey

• There were supports that are there to maintain the structure of the marble

• Classical facial shape

• There was once a sphere.

• Placed in a gymnasium.

  • an example for people in the gym (people did not look like this)

  • Idealistic

• 7 head cannon

• Nude

• Made out of marble

• Understanding of human anatomy becoming more defined.

Contrapposto

• More asymmetry,

• Naturalistic

• Wait distribution.

• Wet-clothed on women

• Athletes

• Male nudity

• Board looking (archaic smile dispensaries)

Ionic

• two curly cues

• Have a base

Corinthian

• an abundance of tinny leaves. small curly cues.

• Have a base

X=2y+1

• X refuses to one side of the building, and Y refers to another.

• The ratio of building edges.

  
  

Order roofes.

• Pediment

• Frieze

• Architrave

• stylobate

• column

• Doric

• iconic

• corinthian

The Acropolis

• The Greeks needed to make art about their victory

• Agora

• The Acropolis was built from excess war money.

• Made out of incredibly expensive materials.

Greece

• not always controlled by the Greeks

• Controlled by the Romans, omen emperor, bis inteins.

Parthenon

• The Parthenon was used as a mosque, church, military base,

• Parts of the Parthenon were removed.

• 8 columns on one side and 17 on the other.

• The roof was convex to prevent rain from building up

• NOT a temple; no alter

• the corners of the Parthenon are bigger

• Marble was used as it was perstiduce

• Used to hold a statue of Athena

  • Nike was in her hand

  • Athena was also in the Friezes

• Plated in Gold and Ivory

• Ideas of conflict

  • FIghts with mythical creatures.

• Battle ment Athena.

• Pediment sculptures

  • Removed

  • The birth of the goddess Athena

  • Dianices was in the nude

  • Three goddesses Anthena and two other goddesses

    • They are shown confused

• Large portions of the Parthenon were in disrepair

  • Lord Elgon took the pediment sculptures,

    • as they were lowering the art to the ground, it fell.

  • The British Museum has had the statue for the past 200 years

Temple of Athena Nike

• One interior room

• Ionic columns

• Restored recently.

• Commemorative temple

  • Nike; the greek goddess of victory

• The Battle of Marathon

• Amphiprostyle: four columns in the front, four in the back

Nike Adjusted her Sandals

• Very elegant graceful way

• Wet Drapery

Plaque of the Ergastine

• All heads appear to be on the same level: Isocephalism

• Not in a twisted perspective.

Grave Stele of Hegeso

• Flat stone about a meter high

• Image of the deceased.

• Grave marker

• Devoted to Negeso

• Pediment, friezese and two columns

• Looking at jewelry in a jewelry box.

• Next to a servant or slave

  • Shown to be a sign of wealth

• hegusu takes up far more compassion hierarchy of scale. Has a vail and fancy garment

• Uncommon for women to leave the house

• Only seen in public on special occasions

• very closed scene, heads bowed

• Walled in space.

Hellenistic Period: Trends

• Sculpture

  • A better understanding of how to sculpt in marble.

  • More dynamic and gestural poses

  • People of different ages.

  • Not showing people always at their best.

• Rise of eroticism

  • An attempt at modesty

  • not for public view

• More threedimensional appealing.

• you can walk around it

• Winged Victory (Nike)

• Seated Boxer

  • Found in a public bath

  • Depicts a seated boxer (nude and gloved)

  • Indentations on his nose and teeth show injury

  • The figure has a condition called clove flower ear, the Lip is split and the teeth are broken.

  • His body is heroic, but is praised for his prime, beard is used to suggest an older male.

  • Intentions are unsure.

Con- Tra- Post- o

Hellenistic Period: Architecture

• We see an integration with sculpture and architecture.

• architects are becoming creative and changing the order of classical constructs.

• The nation is incredibly wealthy causing the scale of structures to increase

• Classical elements are mix and matched into new things

The Great Altar of Zeus and Athena

• The altar was taken piece by piece to Burlin.

• The frieze was moved down to the level of the audience and enlarged.

• These are high-release marble sculptures.

  • The fight between gods and the giants

• Complex three-dimensional poses and facial expressions.

• Nike the goddess of victory crowns victor.

• The goddess Gaia gasps from the horror.

• Greeks were incredibly passionate about the accomplishments of their gods.

Atmospheric Perspective

Linear perspective

Foreshortening

• a more advanced understanding of three-dimensional space.

Hellenistic Period: trends

• Mosaics: Hand cut and shaped, think like pixels to create pictures.

• Complex understanding of form and shapes.

• Are able to articulate light on more difficult materials like medals.

• Mosaics would be based on paintings.

Alexander Mosaic

• Found in Pompi

  • Buried under ash

• They are far more understanding of the human body,

• there is reddish and pink tiles on the nose and on the ears

• images of a fallen soldier reflected on a shield.

• Perspective was not something that just emerged form the renaissance.