LAB 2 STUDY GUIDE (copy) to

Microscope Care

• Follow rules in Lab Manual for proper handling and storage.

• Always keep the microscope covered when not in use to prevent dust accumulation.

• Clean lenses with appropriate lens paper and cleaning solution to avoid scratches.

Microscope Parts

• Identify key components:

  • Power Cord: Connects the microscope to power.

  • On/Off Switch: Controls the electrical supply.

  • Base: Supports the microscope.

  • Arm: Connects the base to the head and is used for carrying the microscope.

  • Stage: Platform where the slides are placed, often equipped with clips.

  • Light Source: Provides illumination for viewing specimens. Can be LED or mirrors.

  • Other components include the diaphragm (controls light intensity) and the revolving nosepiece (holds objective lenses).

Terminology

• Parfocal: The ability of a microscope to remain in focus when objectives are switched; allows seamless viewing without readjusting focus.

• Field of View: The visible area through the microscope; increases with lower magnifications.

• Field Size: The diameter of the viewable area, which can vary with different objectives.

• Working Distance: The distance between the objective lens and the slide; critical to avoid contact while focusing.

• Resolution: The capability to distinguish between two close objects; higher resolution provides clearer images.

• Magnification: Determined by multiplying the magnification of the ocular lens by that of the objective lens (e.g., 10x ocular and 40x objective = 400x total magnification).

Examining Slides

• Before using the microscope, check slide condition, ensuring it is clean and free from bubbles or scratches.

• Verify specimen visibility under the microscope and ensure proper labeling for identification.

• Position the slide securely on the stage using clips.

Lab Activities

• Follow detailed steps for using the microscope:

  1. Start with the lowest magnification to locate the specimen.

  2. Gradually move to higher magnifications, adjusting focus as necessary.

  3. Avoid using the oil immersion objective lens unless specifically instructed, as it can damage the microscope and slides.

Cell Structures

• Identify specific cellular organelles:

  • Nucleus: Contains genetic material and regulates cell activities.

  • Mitochondria: Powers the cell through energy production (ATP).

  • Endoplasmic Reticulum: Processes and transports proteins (rough ER) and lipids (smooth ER).

  • Golgi Apparatus: Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for secretion.

  • Lysosomes: Contains enzymes for digestion and waste removal.

• Describe the functions of each organelle, utilizing corresponding lab materials.