Crime and Deviance 120

1. Which sociologist is associated with the term Anomie?

2. What is meant by selective law enforcement?

3. What does the BCS stand for?

4. Give one example of a crime that has increased due to globalisation.

5. Who is associated with the idea of panoptical prisons?

6. What are the four bonds that prevent crime according to Hirsci?

7. Give one example of formal agents social control.

8. Which theory of gender differences is associated with Carlan?

9. What term did Hobbs use to explain how crime now involves networks of people around the

globe?

10. Name one study which shows the impact of environmental crime prevention methods.

11. What are the 3 causes of crime according to the left realists?

12. Which sociologist is associated with the status frustration cause of crime?

13. What is the McPherson Report?

14. What did South mean by Primary Green crime?

15. Which theory of crime control and prevention is associated with Wilson and Kelling?

16. What is another name for the interactionist theory of crime?

17. What name does Becker give groups such as the media, police and those who have the

power to create and enforce laws?

18. What is the OCR and where does it come from?

19. According to Wall what are the 4 types of cyber crime

20. Which social group is more likely to be a victim of violent crime?

QUESTION 1

1. Durkheim

2. The law is applied differently to different social groups.

3. British Crime Survey

4. Cyber crime, Green Grime, Drug and people trafficking, weapons trafficking, money

laundering etc

5. Foucault

6. Attachment, Commitment, Involvement, Belief.

7. Criminal Justice system, Police, Courts, Prisons.

8. Control Theory

9. Glocal

10. NYC Port Authority bus terminal or Stoke Council streetlighting.

11. Marginalisation, Relative Deprivation, Sub-cultures.

12. Albert Cohen.

13. An investigation into allegations of institutional racism in the police force after the murder

of Stephen Lawrence.

14. Direct result of destruction of Earths resources, eg Air Pollution, Deforestationetc

15. Broken Window Theory

16. Labelling Theory

17. Moral Entrepreneurs.

18. Official Crime Rate –from police reports, court and prison records.

19. Cyber Deception and Theft, Cyber Pornography, Cyber –trespass, CyberViolence

20. Young working class male aged 17 -24

21. What is rational choice theory?

22. With which theory of crime is Ian Taylor associated

23. Which sociologists is associated with Masculinity Theory?

24. What is meant by the Anthropocentric approach to green crime?

25. What are Bauman and Lyon referring to by Liquid Surveillance?

26. What is the definition of a crime?

27. To understand crime and deviance and how it is a social construction the neo-Marxists aim to create what?

28. Moore, Atkin and Chapman see the police as filters of crime. Name three way that they filter

crime?

29. What are the 3 stages of the spiral of state denial ?

30. What are the 4 roles of the CJS in preventing crime?

31. What are the 5 reactions to strain according to Merton?

32. What is meant by Utilitarian Crime?

33. Identify 3 explanations for ethnic minority criminality?

34. Identify 3 ways that the media could be considered a cause of crime?

35. Which theory of crime control and prevention suggests that taking away opportunities for

crime is the best method?

36. Who suggested that criminals could be identified by physical characteristics?

37. What are the 3 positive features of crime according to Durkheim?

38. What is meant by corporate crime?

39. According to Kelman and Hamilton what are the three features that produce crimes of

obedience?

40. According to Foucault how has punishment changed?

QUESTION 2

21. The idea that people make a conscious choice to commitcrime.

22. Neo-Marxism or New Criminology

23. Messerschimdt.

24. Humans have the right to exploit the environment and animal species for their own benefit.

25. The constant monitoring of actions and behaviour through digitalmeans.

26. The breaking of the laws created by society.

27. A fully social theory

28. Seriousness of crime, Social status of the victim, Classification of the crime, Discretion, Work

Relation.

29. It didn’t happen, if it did it was something else, Even if it is what you say it is it is justified.

30. Deterrence, Retribution, Rehabilitation, Protection of the public

31. Conformity, Innovation, Ritualism, Retreatism, Rebellion

32. Crime for financial gain

33. Police Targeting, Locality theory, Strain, Institutional racism, Subcultures, Social and Cultural

factors.

34. Imitation, Arousal, desensitisation, schools of crime, targeting, deprivation, glamorisation.

35. Situational crime prevention.

36. Lombroso

37. Boundary Maintenance, Social Cohesion, Adaption andchange.

38. When a company or person commits a crime to benefit thecompany.

39. Authorisation, Routinisation, Dehumanisation.

40. Sovereign Power to Disciplinary power

ANSWERS 2

41. Who suggested that crime itself is not functional but it is the publicising of it and the

punishments that is functional?

42. What are the three types of subculture according to Cloward and Ohlin?

43. Who is associated with the Liberation Thesis?

44. Give one example of a modern moral panic?

45. What did Walklate mean by Secondary Victimisation?

46. Which two sociologist are associated with the Chicago school and locality theory of

crime?

47. In what 4 ways are crime and deviance seen as fluid?

48. Who suggested that women commit less crime than men due to lack of opportunity?

49. What is Zemiology?

50. Name one study that looked at Social and community crime prevention methods?

51. What is Disintegrative Shaming according to Braithwaite?

52. Gordon stated that crime was a natural reaction to four capitalist foci –what are they?

53. What is meant by double deviancy?

54. What two reasons are suggest for state crime being so serious?

55. Hoyle identified 11 impacts of victimization, name 4?

56. What is mean when crime is described as a ‘Safety Valve’ ?

57. Reiman gave what as an example of selective law enforcement?

58. Who suggested that ethnic minorities are over policed and under protected?

59. In what 5 ways has globalisation impacted crime levels?

60. Which three government departments are responsible for the criminal justice system

41. Taylor, Walton and Young.

42. Criminal, Conflict, Retreatism

43. Adler

44. Black muggers (1970), HIV & Aids (1980’s) Stanic Child Abuse, Video Nasties, Guns, Islamic terrorism.

45. Victims are accused of being to blame for the crime against them in the court system,

particularly with Rape and Honour crimes.

46. Shaw and McKay.

47. Historical, Cultural, Contextual, generational

48. Dunscombe and Marsden

49. The study of social harm

50. Perry Pre-School Project, Troubled Families Programme

51. When the crime and criminal are considered bad and excluded fromsociety.

52. Greed, Profit, competition and Materialism

53. When women not only break the law but also break socially acceptableroles.

54. The scale of the crime and because the state is a source of law.

55. Anger, anxiety, depression, withdrawal, panic, shock, PTSD, disrupted sleep, poor

health, powerlessness, fear of further victimisation

56. Allowing smaller crimes and deviancy to prevent larger crimes and social problems.

57. Benefits scroungers V Corporate taxdodgers.

58. Phillips and Browning

59. Cheaper travel, Deregulation of financial services, Easier movement of people, Influence of global media, Spread of new information

60. Home Office, Attorney General, Ministry of Justice

61. What is meant by master status?

62. What did Pearce mean by a False Consciousness of crime?

63. Give one weakness of victim studies?

64. Who is associated with the idea of defining state crime by the harm they cause?

65. Give one way that Prisons are not effective at preventing crime?

66. What are the three causes of crime according to the Right Realists?

67. In which zone did Shaw and McKay suggest there would be higher rates of crime?

68. Which 3 sociologists are associated with the chivalry thesis?

69. How did Kidd-Hewitt and Osborne describe media distortion of crime?

70. Who conducted the Kilburn Experiment intosurveillance?

71. What did Cicourel mean by typifications?

72. What 6 elements are needed to create a fully social theory of crime?

73. What is meant by social and cultural factors causes ethnic criminality?

74. Give one reason why is it difficult to police green crime?

75. Which theory of crime prevention is linked to the NYC clean car program?

76. Give one example of context deviancy?

77. Which sociologist is associated with the interactionist approach to crime?

78. Who suggested that black criminality is a result of resistance to inequality?

79. How is the media a cause of the fear of crime?

80. what is positivist Victimiology?

QUESTION 4

61. When the given label is internalised and becomes the mainidentity.

62. The occasional prosecution of corporate crime and the passing of laws which appear to

protectWC

63. Crimes are in the wrong categories, don’t know they are a victim, relies on memory, Victimless

crimes are ignored.

64. Michalowski.

65. Schools of crime, labelling

66. Biological Differences, Socialisation, Rational Choice

67. Zones of transition.

68. Pollock, Flood-Page, Hood

69. Crime as a spectacle

70. Newburn and Hayman

71. The stereotypes of a criminal that determine the labels.

72. Wider origin of deviance, Immediate origin of deviance, the Act itself, Immediate origins of

societal reaction, Wider origins of societal reaction, effects of labelling

73. Lack of socialisation, Labelling and moral panics.

74. Transnational in nature, difficult to construct international laws, laws that do exist are shaped by

the interests of the powerful.

75. Environmental Crime prevention

76. Bikini in town centre, drinking at 8am, etc

77. Becker.

78. Gilroy

79. Over representation of violent crime, moral panics, ideological control

80. An attempt to find out why certain people are victims of crime and not others

ANSWERS 4

81. What did Messner and Rosenfeild mean by Institutional Anomie Theory?

82. What did Taylor Walton and young mean by saying crime was Valuntarist?

83. Identify 3 explanations for lower class criminality?

84. How did Green and Ward define state crime?

85. Which theories of crime prevention are associated with right realists?

86. Which sociologist is associated with the Focal concerns explanation for crime?

87. What do Marxists mean when they say that capitalism is criminogenic?

88. How does Parsons explain gender differences in crime?

89. Who suggested that the global criminal economy is worth over $1 trillion a year?

90. What is meant by displacement as a criticism of situation Crime Prevention?

91. What is reintegrative shaming according to Braithwaite?

92. Who suggests that Marxist explanation of crime romanticizes criminals?

93. Identify 2 of the 5 types of white collar crim identified by Croall2001?

94. What 5 reasons did McRobbie and Thornton give to say that moral panics were outdated?

95. Which sociologist is associated with positive victimology?

96. Who argues that the law is socially constructed by the ruling class to protect capitalist

interests?

97. How does Chapman define corporate crime?

98. Who conducted a study called Policing the Crisis?

99. Which sociologists are associated with the Rational choice theory?

100. What is meant by Deviancy amplification?

81. Lower state welfare and free market capitalism = higher crime rates. Eg Post SovietRussia

82. People have free will and make a conscious choice and are political motivated to commit

crime

83. Strain theory, status frustration, focal concerns, labelling, relative deprivation,

marginalisation, poor socialisation, dependencyculture

84. Illegal or deviant activity perpetrated by or with the complicity of state agencies

85. Situation and Environmental Crime prevention

86. Miller

87. Capitalism is exploitive by nature and results in class inequality and poverty which lead to

crime.

88. Differential socialisation

89. Castells

90. It doesn’t prevent crime just moves it to a new place

91. Labelling the act not the person.

92. Rock 1988

93. Bribery & corruption, Fiddling expenses, Professional misconduct, Fraud, Embezzlement.

94. Frequency, Context, Reflexivity, Difficulty, Rebound.

95. Tierney

96. Box

97. Illegal or morally suspect behaviour carried out by high ranking company officers

aimed at enhancing the profit of the company.

98. Hall

99. Cornish and Clarke

100. The process by which the official attempt to control deviance or crime which leads to more of

that crime/deviance.

ANSWERS 5

101. What is meant by targetHardening?

102. Give an example of target hardening.

103. What act of parliament gave the security services legal power to hack into personal data of UK citizens

without informing them first?

104. Who argued that right realist policies on crime prevention led to class inequality in victimisation

because the poor cannot afford the target hardening systems?

105. Which theory of crime is criticised as over stating the rationality of criminal behaviour?

106. What is meant by the dark figure of crime?

107. Who found that sentencing of women for theft was NOT more lenient the sentencing of men in 1983?

108. Who argued that oppressive policing and over policing and criminalisation are the cause of patterns in

ethnic minority criminality?

109. What is the Triple Quandary Theory?

110. What are the three risk factors identified by Sewell as reasons for black boys criminality?

111. What is meant by hegemonicmasculinity?

112. What is meant by the hypodermic syringe model?

113. What are the 6 stages of a moral panic?

114. Who did Stan Cohen study in his famous study on folk devils and Moral Panics?

115. What term is used to describe a prison in which all prisoners can be observed by a single guard in the

centre of

the prison?

116. Who described prisons as ‘Universities of Crime’?

117. Which perspective suggests that victimhood is a socially constructed and that the label of victim

depends on a persons position in society?

118. What is ‘Missing White Women Syndrome’?

119. According to Newburn the homeless are how many more times more likely to be a victim of crime

than a homeowner?

120. Who is most likely to be a murder victim?

101. Making the targets of crime harder to access.

102. Gated Communities, Bars on windows, Anti-homeless sp102. Gated Communities, Bars on windows, Anti-homeless spikes, additional locks,etc

103. Investigatory Powers Act 2016

104. Stanley Cohen

105. Right Realist

106. Crimes that are under-reported by victims and unrecorded bypolice.

107. Farrington and Morris

108. Phillips and Browning.

109. Suggested by Sewell, it is the idea that there are 3 risk factors which are responsible for

crime amongst black boys.

110. Lack of a father figure, Negative experiences of white culture, Massmedia.

111. The socially agreed meaning of what it means to be a man in terms of behaviour andactivities.

112. The idea that the media influences behaviour in particular with young people and

violent behaviour.

113. Identification, Symbolisation, Demonization, Condemnation, Stamping Down, Deviancy

Amplification.

114. Mods and Rockers

115. Panopticon

116. Matthews

117. Critical Victimology

118. The idea that the media ignores crimes where the victim doesn’t fit the middle class, white,

female

stereotype.

119. 13

120. Men