HomeKEY WORDS AND DEFINITIONS - Penis is The organ in the male reproductive system that carries urine and semen to the outside of the body. Vagina is A muscular tube that leads from the cervix to the outside of a woman's body. Reproductive system are The organs and tissues involved in producing offspring. Testicle is The male reproductive organ the produces sperm in animals Ovary is A pair of organs in the female reproductive system where ova (eggs) and hormones are produced. Ova is The female gametes produced by ovaries in animals (singular: ovum) Sperm is The male sex cell or gamete Foetus is An unborn baby. Usually eight weeks from conception. Gamete is The sex cell of an organism, in humans they are sperm (male) and ovum (female) Uterus is Also known as a womb. This is where the fertilised egg (ovum) develops. Oviduct is Also called a Fallopian tube or egg tube, this tube leads from an ovary to the uterus. Ovulation is The process of releasing an egg from an ovary. Umbilical cord is The cord that connects the foetus to the placenta. It contains blood vessels. Placenta is The organ in the uterus of pregnant mammals that allows the transfer of nutrients and waste products between the mother and the foetus through the umbilical cord. Fertilisation is the joining of the nucleus of two gametes Embryo is An organism in the early stages of development Gestation is The time during which a fertilised egg develops into a baby ready to be born. Amniotic fluid is Liquid that protects the foetus in the uterus. Menstruation is The loss of blood and tissue from the lining of the uterus through the vagina during the menstrual cycle. Implantation is When embryo embeds itself in the uterus wall Zygote Cell is formed when two gametes combine

KEY WORDS AND DEFINITIONS - Penis is The organ in the male reproductive system that carries urine and semen to the outside of the body. Vagina is A muscular tube that leads from the cervix to the outside of a woman's body. Reproductive system are The organs and tissues involved in producing offspring. Testicle is The male reproductive organ the produces sperm in animals Ovary is A pair of organs in the female reproductive system where ova (eggs) and hormones are produced. Ova is The female gametes produced by ovaries in animals (singular: ovum) Sperm is The male sex cell or gamete Foetus is An unborn baby. Usually eight weeks from conception. Gamete is The sex cell of an organism, in humans they are sperm (male) and ovum (female) Uterus is Also known as a womb. This is where the fertilised egg (ovum) develops. Oviduct is Also called a Fallopian tube or egg tube, this tube leads from an ovary to the uterus. Ovulation is The process of releasing an egg from an ovary. Umbilical cord is The cord that connects the foetus to the placenta. It contains blood vessels. Placenta is The organ in the uterus of pregnant mammals that allows the transfer of nutrients and waste products between the mother and the foetus through the umbilical cord. Fertilisation is the joining of the nucleus of two gametes Embryo is An organism in the early stages of development Gestation is The time during which a fertilised egg develops into a baby ready to be born. Amniotic fluid is Liquid that protects the foetus in the uterus. Menstruation is The loss of blood and tissue from the lining of the uterus through the vagina during the menstrual cycle. Implantation is When embryo embeds itself in the uterus wall Zygote Cell is formed when two gametes combine

Ovary To produce eggs is Female

Vagina Receives the penis during sexual intercourse and allows menstrual flow to leave the woman female

Uterus Place where fertilised ovum (egg) develops into an embryo (unborn baby) Female

Cervix Helps in controlling the flow of menstrual blood and directs the sperm into the uterus Female

Oviduct/Fallopian tube To carry the eggs from the ovary to the uterus Female

Penis Allows semen (containing sperm) to be ejaculated into the woman (also serve as an excretory organ for men) Male

Scrotum To protect the testes Male

Urethra To carry sperm out of the male body (also carries urine out in men and women) Male and female

Testis To produce sperm Male

Sperm duct To carry sperm from the testes to the penis Male

Glands To add fluid to the sperm Male

Section 5: Adaptations of Gametes

Has a cell membrane sperm and ovum

Contains genetic information in the nucleus ovum

Specially strengthened head sperm

Unable to move ovum

Small and streamline sperm

Large ovum

Millions produced sperm

Contains large food store ovum

Contains enzymes to digest the membrane of the cell sperm

Only a few produced ovum

Swims with a tail sperm

Section 6: Menstrual Cycle

Days 1-4 Lining breaks down and menstruation (bleeding) occurs

Days 4-14 Lining of the uterus builds up

Days 14 Ovulation (egg released)

Days 14-28 Lining maintained

Progesterone Maintains the lining of uterus during days 14-28

Oestrogen Controls release of the egg

Section 7: Ovulation and Fertilisation In the female one of the ovaries produces an egg every 28 days. This is called ovulation. During sexual intercourse sperm is ejaculated into the vagina. The sperm have to pass through the cervix and into the uterus. The uterus is acidic to help kill microbes and prevent infection. The journey is very far – the sperm will eventually reach the fallopian tube where they will meet the egg. If the sperm and egg meet the chemicals in the sperm will digest the outside of the egg and two nuclei will join. This is called fertilisation. Only one sperm will successfully fertilise an egg

Section 8: Pregnancy

Day 0 Fertilization: sperm has joined with ovum in the oviduct

Day 1 Fertilised egg divides into two cells

Day 3 Four cells divide into eight cells

Day 5-6 The embryo has developed a fluid filled space

Day 28 The embryo is 3mm long. As small heart pumps blood along an umbilical cord to the placenta

8 weeks The embryo develops into a foetus. It has eyelids and small fingers and toes

Section 9: The placenta

Substance is Oxygen direction Mother to foetus

Substance Glucose direction Mother to foetus

Substance Carbon dioxide direction Foetus to mother

Substance Urea direction Foetus to mother