Untitled Flashcards Set

1.     Pregnancy: Pregnancy occurs when a fertilized egg implants in the uterus. Fertilization should occur during ovulation, when a mature egg is pushed down the fallopian tube near the uterus.

2)   How long does pregnancy last: Pregnancy lasts about 40 weeks, which is about 8-9 months.

3)   Signs and symptoms of pregnancy: Missed period, tender and swollen breasts, nausea with or without vomiting, increased urination, fatigue, moodiness, bloating, light spotting, cramping, constipation, food aversions, and nasal congestion.

4)   Problems during pregnancy: Iron deficiency anemia, gestational diabetes, depression, high blood pressure, fetal problems, miscarriage, placenta previa, placental abruption, preeclampsia, and preterm labor.

5)   Premature birth: A premature birth is a birth that occurs before the 37^th week of pregnancy.

6)   Miscarriage: The spontaneous loss of a woman’s pregnancy before the 20^th week that can be physically and emotionally painful.

7)   Labor process: Labor process is when the fetus and the placenta leave the uterus. We know when the labor process begins when the woman’s water breaks, contractions begin, and there may be a discharge.

8)   C-section birth: A C-section is the delivery of a baby through a surgical incision in the mother’s abdomen and uterus. A C-section is used when there is a danger or complication to the mother or fetus if the birth is completed vaginally.

9)     Multiple birth: A multiple birth is when the mother delivers two or more offspring in one pregnancy. Twins and triplets can be the same or different sexes.

      Identical twins: When one sperm and one egg unite and divide to form two babies.

      Fraternal twins: When two sperms and two eggs unite to form two babies.

10)Afterbirth: This is the delivery of the placenta about ten minutes after the baby is born

11) Amnion sac: bag of water surrounding the baby that protects it from everyday shock while in the womb.

12)Breech birth: when a baby is delivered feet or buttocks first.

Reproductive Anatomy

1.    Vas Deferens: tube traveling from the epididymis into the pelvic cavity. It transports sperm to the urethra.

2.    Prostate gland: located between the bladder and penis to secrete prostate fluid, one of the components of semen. It also helps propel seminal fluid.

3.    Penis: a male reproductive organ. Semen travels through the urethra to the tip of the penis where it is ejaculated out of the body.

4.    Urethra: this tube travels the length of the penis- it is a passage for both urine and semen to exit the body.

5.    Testis: produces sperm and hormones like testosterone.

6.    Scrotum: contains the testes, many nerves, and blood vessels. Protects and acts as a climate control system for the testes to produce sperm.

7.   Epididymis: long coiled tube that stores sperm and transports it from testes.

8.  Seminal Vesicle: Each pair of glands that open into the vas deferens near its junction with the urethra and secrete many of the components of semen.

      9)   Sperm: Semen which enters the egg in order to reproduce.

10) Ejaculation: the act of ejection semen from the body.

11) Endometrium: lining of the uterus and maintains the patency of the uterine cavity.

12) Vagina: the muscular tube leading from the external genitals to the cervix of the uterus in women.

13) Cervix: the narrow neck-like passage forming the lower end of the uterus. Directs sperm to the uterus.

14) Uterus: the organ in the lower body of a woman where offspring are conceived and gestate before birth.

15) Ovary: produce female hormones such as estrogen. The ovary also releases eggs once a month possible for fertilization.

16) Fallopian Tubes: A pair of tubes that carry the eggs to the uterus. This is where sperm and eggs unite. Fertilization takes place.

17) Ova/Ovum- also known as the egg cell, produced in the ovaries.

18) Menstrual Cycle: The natural change in a woman’s body that makes pregnancy occur. A perfect cycle is 28 days and end with the occurrence of the menstrual period.

Birth Control

1. Comes in to forms Prescription and Non-prescription.

A.   Prescription forms

-   Birth Control Pill, Birth control shot, birth control implants, IUD, Diaphragm, Vaginal Ring, Cervical Cap.

B.   Non Prescription Forms.

- Condom (male and female) Spermicides, Birth control sponge.

Vasectomy- a medical procedure by which the vas deferens is cut. Preventing sperms cell from being released from the male.

Tubal Ligation- a medical procedure by which the fallopian tubes are cut and sealed so that the egg and sperm cannot unite.

Abstinence- the only method of birth control that is guaranteed 100% to prevent pregnancy. This is when people abstain from having sex.

Sexually Transmitted Diseases.

A.   Signs and Symptoms: Burning or painful urination, sores or rashes appear, itching in the genital area, genital discharge, or pain in abdomen.

  B.   Steps one should take if they suspect they have a STD.

1. Stop having sex

2. Tell your partner.

3. Get Treatment

4. Get your partner treated.

5. Complete all treatments.

AIDS/HIV

A.I.D.S.- Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome

HIV- The Human Immune Virus.

Methods of Transmission:

1. Sexual Contact

2. IV Drug Use

3. Infected Blood Products

4. Mother to baby.

Risky behaviors: Getting a tattoo, piercing your own ear, touching blood,

having many sexual partners.

Super Strand STD – is an STD that is resistant to antibiotics.

Chlamydia – An STD, that is the world’s leading cause of preventable blindness.

Human Heart/Heart Disease

Heart Rate – the number of times your heart beats in one minute.

The human heart has four chambers.

Right atrium – receives blood back from the entire body.

Right ventricle – receives blood from the right atrium. Pumps blood to the lungs.

Left atrium – receives blood from the lungs. Pumps blood to the left ventricle.

Left ventricle – pumps blood out to entire body.

Cholesterol – fatty substance that can accumulate in the blood, arteries and veins.

Statins – are cholesterol lowering drugs. The most prescribed drugs in the world.

Heart Attack – occurs when one or more arteries in the heart become clogged.

Cardiac Arrest – occurs when the heart stops beating.

Sino Atrial Node – a  cluster of cells that creates the electrical rhythm of the heart.

Angina – any pain in the chest caused by heart disease.

Heart Disease- is the leading cause of death in the USA, since the 1950’s.

Cancer

Carcinogen – term given to any substance that can cause cancer.

Cancer – second leading cause of death in USA.

Chemo Therapy/Radiation Therapy – Treatments used to treat cancer.

Lung Cancer – is the most common type of Cancer.

Melanoma – also known as skin cancer.

Stroke

Stroke – a brain event that is caused by a clot or rupture. The brain is deprived of oxygen. Severe injuries and death can occur.

Ischemic stroke – is caused by a blood clot in the brain.

Hemorrhagic Stroke – is caused by a rupture in a blood vessel in the brain.

Stroke Risk Factors – high blood pressure, smoking, obesity, using birth control pills, high cholesterol, heart disease, age (over 55).

Signs and Symptoms of a Stroke

1. Weakness on one side of the body.

2. Dizziness

3. Loss of balance

4. Sudden change in mood or personality

5. Loss of speech or slurred speech.

Stroke Check: Remember to think FAST!

Face – Ask the person to smile. Look for droopiness on one side of the face.

Arms – Ask the person the raise their arms. Look for weakness unevenness.

Speech – Ask them say speak a sentence. Listen for slurred words.

Time – Note the time the symptoms started. Get to a hospital ASAP.

Stroke Certified Hospitals in Philadelphia – UPenn, Jefferson, Einstein, Jeans, Nazareth, Abington.

Diabetes

Diabetes – is a chronic disease where the pancreas does not secrete insulin properly.

Type 1 – People are born with this type of diabetes.

Type 2 – People develop this type of diabetes later in life. Sometimes referred to as Adult onset Diabetes.

Insulin – is the human hormone that regulates sugar in the body.

Hyper-Glycemia- Extremely high blood sugar. It can result in diabetic stroke.

Hypo-Glycemia – Extremely low blood sugar.

Diabetes Symptoms:  constant thirst, frequent urination, weight loss, blurry vision, numbness in the hands and feet, slow healing wounds, dry skin and exhaustion.

Side Effects of Diabetes: damage to blood vessels, heart attack, stroke, blindness, nerve damage, kidney disease, amputation of limbs. (Toes, feet, legs are common)