Spanish 3 Final

Here is a comprehensive set of Spanish-language flashcards broken down by topic. Each card includes the term, definition, when to use it, and an example. For clarity and reinforcement, each tense or grammatical structure has multiple cards where appropriate.

Present Tense (El Presente)

Flashcard 1
Term: El Presente
Definition: Used to describe actions that are currently happening or habitual actions.
When to use: To talk about what someone does regularly or right now.
Example: Yo estudio todos los días. (I study every day.)

Flashcard 2
Term: El Presente
Use for future actions
When to use: Sometimes used to talk about the near future when paired with a future time.
Example: Mañana viajo a Madrid. (Tomorrow I’m traveling to Madrid.)

Preterite Tense (El Pretérito)

Flashcard 3
Term: El Pretérito
Definition: Used to express completed actions in the past.
When to use: When the action has a definite beginning and end.
Example: Ayer comí pizza. (Yesterday I ate pizza.)

Flashcard 4
Term: Verbos Irregulares en el Pretérito
Definition: Some verbs change stems in the preterite.
Example: Tener → tuve, estar → estuve, ir → fui

Imperfect Tense (El Imperfecto)

Flashcard 5
Term: El Imperfecto
Definition: Describes ongoing or habitual past actions.
When to use: Background info, descriptions, or repeated actions.
Example: Cuando era niño, jugaba con mis amigos. (When I was a child, I used to play with my friends.)

Flashcard 6
Term: El Imperfecto
Use in storytelling
When to use: To set the scene or describe circumstances in the past.
Example: Era una noche oscura y llovía mucho. (It was a dark night and it was raining a lot.)

Present Progressive (Presente Progresivo)

Flashcard 7
Term: Presente Progresivo
Definition: Describes actions happening right now.
Form: Estar + present participle (-ando/-iendo)
Example: Estoy hablando. (I am talking.)

Preterite Progressive (Pretérito Progresivo)

Flashcard 8
Term: Pretérito Progresivo
Definition: Describes actions that were happening at a specific moment in the past.
Form: Estuve/estuvo + -ando/-iendo
Example: Estuve estudiando toda la noche. (I was studying all night.)

Imperfect Progressive (Imperfecto Progresivo)

Flashcard 9
Term: Imperfecto Progresivo
Definition: Emphasizes the duration or ongoing nature of past actions.
Form: Estaba + -ando/-iendo
Example: Estaba leyendo cuando llamaste. (I was reading when you called.)

Present Perfect (Pretérito Perfecto)

Flashcard 10
Term: Pretérito Perfecto
Definition: Actions that started in the past and are still relevant or just completed.
Form: He/has/ha + past participle
Example: He comido. (I have eaten.)

Past Perfect (Pluscuamperfecto)

Flashcard 11
Term: Pluscuamperfecto
Definition: Action completed before another past event.
Form: Había + past participle
Example: Ya había salido cuando llegaste. (I had already left when you arrived.)

Future Tense (El Futuro)

Flashcard 12
Term: El Futuro
Definition: Describes actions that will happen.
Form: Infinitive + é, ás, á, emos, án
Example: Estudiaré mañana. (I will study tomorrow.)

Conditional Tense (El Condicional)

Flashcard 13
Term: El Condicional
Definition: Describes what would happen under certain conditions.
Form: Infinitive + ía, ías, ía, íamos, ían
Example: Viajaría a España si tuviera dinero. (I would travel to Spain if I had money.)

Formal and Informal Commands (Mandatos)

Flashcard 14
Term: Mandatos Informales
Definition: Used with friends/family.
Form: Affirmative: 3rd person present; Negative: tú form of subjunctive
Example: Habla más despacio. / No hables tan rápido.

Flashcard 15
Term: Mandatos Formales
Definition: Used with people you address formally (usted/ustedes).
Form: Use present subjunctive form
Example: Hable más claro, por favor. / No hable tan bajo.

Impersonal Se

Flashcard 16
Term: Se Impersonal
Definition: Used when the subject is unknown or general.
When to use: Similar to “one,” “they,” or “people” in English.
Example: Se vive bien aquí. (People live well here.)

Passive Voice (Voz Pasiva)

Flashcard 17
Term: Voz Pasiva
Definition: Emphasizes the action rather than who does it.
Form: Ser + past participle + por
Example: El libro fue escrito por García Márquez. (The book was written by García Márquez.)

Subjunctive Mood (Subjuntivo)

Flashcard 18
Term: Subjuntivo Presente
Definition: Used to express doubt, desire, emotion, or uncertainty.
Form: Start with yo form, drop -o, add opposite ending.
Example: Espero que estudies. (I hope you study.)

Flashcard 19
Term: Subjuntivo Imperfecto
Definition: Used for past desires, doubts, or hypothetical situations.
Form: 3rd person preterite root + -ra, -ras, -ra, -ramos, -ran
Example: Si tuviera tiempo, iría contigo. (If I had time, I’d go with you.)

Flashcard 20
Term: Subjuntivo Presente Perfecto
Definition: Expresses uncertainty or emotion about something that has already happened.
Form: Haya + past participle
Example: Dudo que haya terminado la tarea. (I doubt he has finished the homework.)

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