Agriculture Revolution & Industrial Revolution

• Both increased ability to consume resources, modify landscapes and spread across the face of the earth

• Outcomes: humans are dominant species

Human Migration: Descended from Africa 60,000 years ago

Pre-Agricultural Revolution: Hunting and Gathering

• Forager, small family based groups, Nomads (followed food and weather)- no set place

Anthropocene - welcomed farming

• Domestication of plants and animals - 1st rev

• Abandon nomadic lifestyle with irrigation

• 1st part of agri rev: hunting and gathering to planting and growing (10,000)

• 2nd: Mechanization and transport (300)

• 3rd: Broad use of pesticides, fertilizers, monoculture & genetic engineering (into industrialization-now)

• Complex ideas enabled in revolution, religion and language diffused around the world

Industrialization Revolution:

• Began in Europe- 1750

• Technological breakthroughs - mechanization, transportation

• Increased capital (money) and grew populations

Age of discovery/age of exploration - 15th century - rich Europeans went out exploring materials to grow power and ambition - both mercantilism & colonialism

Map Projections: depicting the curved surface of the earth on a flat surface

• use mathematical formulas - all create distortion somewhere- Mercator is most common (Greenland distorted)- Winkle Triple is the one geographers use

Impacts on the Environment - forest declined 20%- cropland 500%

Wealth and Poverty Map: economic, development population and globalization - map of the world shows Americas, eastern Europe and Australia

Why is there differences in wealth- location, resources wealth/poverty, cultural beliefs, historical

Dependency Theory & Colonialism

Mercantilism - removing raw resources from countries to feed industrial revolution in Europe, then selling them back to these countries (ex) India and cloth)

Economics Structure:

Primary- extraction - mining, forestry, agriculture

Secondary- industrial production- processing, manufacturing, construction

Tertiary- services- sales, entertainment, financial services

Quaternary - information services - education, research, technology

GDP- Gross Domestic Product- is a measurement of all goods and services produced within borders -

GNI- measure of GDP plus income in a country - includes income from abroad

Disadvantages- obscure inequality b/c only gives average- purchasing powers varies on currency- only for formal economy - no consideration for environmental or human well-being rights and affects- rebuilding b/c of fire increases both GDP & GNI - social media powers are not accounted for