7.4 What are Intelligence and Creativity

Goals of this section:

• Define intelligence.

• Explain the triarchy theory of intelligence.

• Identify the differences between intelligence theories.

• Explain emotional intelligence

Classifying Intelligence:

• Charles Spearman: believed intelligence consisted of “g”, this is something that can be measured and compared among individuals.

• Raymond Cattle: proposed crystallized intelligence and build intelligence.

• Crystallized intelligence: acquired knowledge & the ability to retain it.

  • ex: learning, & recalling info.

• Fluid Intelligence: ability to see complex relationships and solve problems. Useful when tackling complex, abstract challenges in daily life.

• Robert Sternberg: developed triarchic theory of intelligence.

• Triarchic Theory of Intelligence: divided into 3 parts:

  • Analytical Intelligence: academic problem solving & computation

    • ability to analyze, evaluate, judge, compare, & contrast.

  • Creative intelligence: imaginative and innovative problem solving.

  • Practical intelligence: street smarts and common sense.

• Howard Gardner: Harvard psychologist; developed multiple intelligences theory

• Multiple Intelligences Theory: each person possesses at least 8 intelligences; a person will excel in some factors and not so much in others.

  • Linguistic intelligence: perceives different functions of language, different sounds, and meaning of words. May easily learn multiple languages.

    • Journalist, novelist, poet, teacher.

  • Logical mathematical intelligence: capable of seeing numerical patterns, strong ability to use reason and logic.

    • Scientist, mathematician.

  • Musical intelligence: understands and appreciates rhythm, pitch, and tone; may play multiple instruments or perform as a vocalist.

    • Composer, performer.

  • Bodily kinesthetic intelligence: high ability to control the movements of the body and use the body to perform various physical tasks.

    • A dancer, athlete, coach, yoga, instructor.

  • Spatial intelligence: of ability to perceive the relationship between objects and how they move in space.

    • The choreographer, sculptor, architect, aviator, sailor.

  • Interpersonal intelligence: ability to understand, and be sensitive to the various emotional states of others.

    • Counselor, social worker, sales person.

  • Intrapersonal intelligence: ability to access personal feelings and motivations, and use them to direct behavior and reach personal goals.

    • Key component of personal success overtime

  • Naturalist intelligence: high capacity to appreciate the natural world and interact with the species within it.

    • Biologist ecologist environmentalist ecologist

• Emotional intelligence: ability to understand the emotions of yourself and others, show empathy, understand social relationships, and cues, and regulate your own emotions and respond in culturally appropriate ways.

• Cultural Intelligence: cultural competence; how well you relate to the values of that culture.

Creativity:

• Creativity: ability to create generate, discover new ideas, solutions and possibilities.

• Divergent Thinking: thinking outside the box; individuals are allowed to arrive at a unique solution to a given solution.

• Convergent Thinking: providing a correct solution to a problem through a common way.