Neuroscience Concepts Vocab

Neurons and Their Functions

• Neuron: A specialized cell in the nervous system that transmits information via electrical and chemical signals.

• Types of Neurons:

  • Afferent Neuron: Transmits sensory information from receptors to the central nervous system.

  • Efferent Neuron: Carries signals away from the central nervous system to muscles or glands.

  • Interneurons: Connect neurons within the central nervous system, processing information and reflexes.

• Neuron Structure:

  • Dendrites: Branches that receive signals from other neurons.

  • Axon: A long extension that transmits electrical impulses away from the cell body.

  • Myelin Sheath: A protective covering that insulates the axon, speeding up signal transmission.