Entrep

LEVELS of MANAGEMENT

1. Top/Corporate

   • CEO, President, COO, etc

   • make long-range plans

   • abstract

   • establish policies

   • represent the company

2. Middle/Tactical

   • Administrative managers, Department managers, etc.

   • implement goals

   • concretize the abstract of corporate

   • make decisions for respective team/department

   • direct and manage operational members

3. Supervisory/Operational

   • supervisors, officers, etc.

   • oversees all workers

   • implement plans and work towards achieving objectives

   • day-to-day

     • includes a metric

ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURES

• system made up of tasks to be accomplished

• work movements from one to another

• relationship and communication structures that unite the work of individuals and different groups

• Three types

  1. Vertical structure

     • most common business model

       • ex: Sanggu structure

     • lines of authority

     • presence of individual VPs

     • chains of command; hierarchy

     • “rising through the ranks”

     • staying here longer means more in-depth knowledge

     • bureaucratic

     • varying levels of collaboration

  2. Horizontal structure

     • departmentalization of an organization into smaller units

       • CSO districts

     • relatively fewer layers of management between CEO and frontline management

     • fewer individuals in chain of command

       • less bureaucratic

     • more flexible

     • workforce reductions = loss of managers

     • uncertain career paths

     • 3 approaches

       1. Functional

          • based on specialized activities

            • ex: marketing, financial, management departments

       2. Divisional approach

          • based on management of productions, customers, or geographic areas covered

            • ex: what Disney does: studios, amusement parks, merchandise, etc.

       3. Matrix

          • hybrid form of departmentalization

          • managers and staff report to superiors

            • where you have 2 superiors: functional and divisional manager

              • ex: functional manager for design and divisional manager for the designs of product A

  3. Network

     • network of independent, single-function organizations that work together to produce a product or service

     • less hierarchical, more decentralized

     • seen in start-ups