The Early Republic Flashcards

National Cultural Visions

• Jeffersonian Ideal
  • Yeomen Farmers: Emphasized the importance of independent farmers.
  • Independence: Valued self-sufficiency and freedom from external control.
  • Manifest Destiny: Believed in the expansion of the United States across the continent.
  • Isolation: Advocated for minimal involvement in international affairs.
• Hamiltonian Ideal
  • Commercial and Urban: Promoted the growth of commerce and cities.
  • International: Favored engagement in international trade and diplomacy.
  • Manifest Destiny: Shared the belief in American expansion.

National Political Visions

• Federalist
  • Favored Constitution: Supported the adoption of the U.S. Constitution.
  • Winner in 1796, Adams: John Adams, a Federalist, won the presidential election.
  • Centralized Authority and Judicial Review: Advocated for a strong central government and the power of judicial review.
  • Alien and Sedition Laws: Passed laws that restricted immigration and limited criticism of the government.
• Anti-Federalist
  • Libertarian and States Rights: Emphasized individual liberties and the rights of states.
  • Winner in 1800, Jefferson: Thomas Jefferson, an Anti-Federalist, won the presidential election.
  • Aggressive Foreign Policy
    • Louisiana Purchase: Jefferson doubled the size of the United States by purchasing the Louisiana Territory from France.
    • Naval and 1812 Wars: The U.S. engaged in naval conflicts and the War of 1812 to protect its interests.

National Visions

• Enlightenment
  • Nationalistic to promote individual freedom: Believed in using national identity to advance individual liberties.
  • Rank by Merit of individual quality: Advocated for a society where individuals are judged based on their abilities and achievements.
• Transcendentalism
  • Emerson and Thoreau: Key figures in the Transcendentalist movement.
  • David Walker: Argued that all people are equal, which formed the basis for the liberal movement.
• Romantic
  • Nationalistic to promote communal glory: Believed in using national identity to celebrate shared achievements and history.
  • Glorifies the Past: Idealized historical periods and traditions.
  • Hawthorne: A writer associated with the Romantic movement.
  • Thomas Cole: An artist known for his Romantic landscapes.
  • Elitist and Traditional: Favored traditional values and the leadership of elites.
  • Each Person Different: Emphasized the uniqueness of each individual.
  • Forms Basis for Conservative Movement

Gender Visions

• Republican Mothers
  • Transmitter of Republican Virtue: Women were seen as responsible for instilling republican values in their children.
  • Public Space and Private Identity: Women's influence was primarily in the domestic sphere.
  • Subject Status: Subordination: Women were legally and socially subordinate to men.
  • Citizen Status?: Questioned whether women should have the same rights as citizens.
  • Marriage as key to Republic
    • John Witherspoon: Argued that “The single life narrows the mind and closes the heart.”
• Liberty’s Daughters
  • Individuated Self for life of Public action: Women who sought to develop their individual identities and participate in public life.
  • Developed by Enlightenment: Influenced by Enlightenment ideas about individual rights.
  • Mary Wollstonecraft: An Enlightenment writer who advocated for women's rights.
  • Mercy Otis Warren: A playwright who wrote about political issues.
  • Phyllis Wheatley: A poet who addressed themes of freedom and equality.
  • Core of Suffrage and Temperance Movements: These women were central to movements advocating for voting rights and moderation in alcohol consumption.