engr 103 exam 1 (extra)

INTRODUCTION TO NANOTECHNOLOGY AND QUANTUM TECHNOLOGY

Mid-Term Quiz 1 Study Guide

To perform well on the mid-term, you should be able to:

### Basic Definitions and Concepts

- Define nanotechnology, including its range of dimensions (1-100 nm) and the length scales it deals with.

- Explain how a technology is classified as nanotechnology and provide examples of nanotechnology products (e.g., carbon nanotubes, quantum dots, nanomedicine applications).

### Mathematical and Geometric Analysis

- Convert between length, volume, and surface area units.

- Calculate volume, surface area, edge length, and other geometrical parameters for nano- and macro-scale objects (e.g., spheres, cubes).

### Studying Nano-Scale Structures

- Explain the methods used to study nano-scale structures and materials.

- Define and calculate the minimum resolvable length scale using waves (light, electrons, atoms).

### Wave-Particle Duality & de Broglie Equation

- Define and explain wave-particle duality.

- Derive the de Broglie wavelength equation.

- Calculate the de Broglie wavelength for electrons, atoms, and other particles.

- Compute the de Broglie wavelength for electrons passing through a potential difference (V).

### Nanoparticles & Classification

- Define nanoparticles, their types and classifications.

- Explain classification based on properties, composition, and origin.

- Provide examples of nanoparticles in specific classes.

### Nanofabrication Approaches

- Define and differentiate top-down and bottom-up nanofabrication.

- Explain top-down techniques: lithography, etching, milling.

- Identify key parameters in nanofabrication: starting material, substrate, resolution.

- Explain bottom-up techniques: gas condensation, self-assembly, chemical vapor deposition, atomic layer deposition.

- Analyze factors influencing nanofabrication: gases/liquids, vapor pressure, temperature, substrate type, deposition speed.

### Properties of Nanoparticles

- Explain why nanoparticle properties change at the nanoscale.

- Define properties that differ for nanoparticles vs. macro-counterparts.

- Identify nanoparticle parameters that increase or decrease at the nanoscale and explain why.

### Surface Energy & Interaction Forces

- Define surface energy and explain what affects it (e.g., shifts, chemical absorption).

- Define and analyze major interaction forces between nanoparticles:

- Electrostatic force

- Van der Waals force

- Capillary force

- Electrical double layer force

- Determine physical processes leading to Van der Waals interactions.

- Identify sources of surface charges.

### Stabilization & Conductivity

- Explain steric stabilization and electrostatic stabilization.

- Compare advantages of steric vs. electrostatic stabilization.

- Determine factors influencing conductivity of nanoparticles.

### Electronic Properties of Materials

- Define metals, dielectrics, and semiconductors in terms of electronic structure and band gap.

### Applications & Case Studies

- Explain how sunscreens work.

- Determine how to tailor/improve radiation blocking ability of nanoparticles.

- Calculate the wavelength region blocked by specific sunscreen nanoparticles.

- Define and explain properties and applications of silver nanoparticles.

- Explain the processes behind antibacterial properties of silver nanoparticles.