PSY 366 M2 Notes

🟡Module 2 – Mood Disorders

🟡Key Concepts

* Major Depressive Episode (MDE): ≥2 weeks depressed mood or anhedonia + 4+ symptoms.

* Manic Episode: ≥1 week, elevated/irritable mood, impairment, psychosis possible.

* Hypomanic Episode: ≥4 days, less severe than mania, no marked impairment.

* MDD: At least 1 MDE, no mania/hypomania.

* Persistent Depressive Disorder (PDD/dysthymia): ≥2 years chronic depression.

* Bipolar I: At least one manic episode.

* Bipolar II: At least one hypomanic episode + one MDE.

* Cyclothymic Disorder: ≥2 years hypomanic & depressive symptoms, not full episodes.

⠀**Treatments**

* Biological: SSRIs, SNRIs, lithium, ECT, TMS.

* Psychological: CBT, Behavioral Activation, Interpersonal Therapy.

* Best outcomes: Combined therapy.

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🟡Module 5 – Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorders

🟡Key Disorders

* PTSD: After trauma, symptoms ≥1 month: intrusive memories, avoidance, negative mood/cognition, hyperarousal.

* Acute Stress Disorder: Same symptoms as PTSD, but 3 days–1 month.

* Adjustment Disorder: Emotional/behavioral symptoms in response to stressor, within 3 months, distress out of proportion.

* Prolonged Grief Disorder: Persistent grief ≥12 months (adults), ≥6 months (children), distress/impairment.

⠀**Etiology**

* Trauma exposure, HPA axis dysregulation, overactive amygdala, maladaptive cognitions.

⠀Treatment

* Trauma-focused CBT: Exposure, reprocessing trauma.

* EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing).

* Medications: SSRIs first-line.

🟡Module 6 – Dissociative Disorders

🟡Key Disorders

* Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID): 2+ distinct personality states, memory gaps, distress/impairment.

* Dissociative Amnesia: Inability to recall important personal info, usually after trauma.

* Depersonalization/Derealization Disorder: Persistent detachment from self (depersonalization) or surroundings (derealization), intact reality testing.

⠀**Etiology**

* Childhood trauma, stress, cognitive processing issues.

* Sociocultural factors (media portrayals, suggestibility).

⠀Treatment

* Long-term psychotherapy (integration of identities for DID).

* CBT for depersonalization/derealization.

* No specific medication, but SSRIs may help comorbid symptoms.