unit 4 psych

Topic 3.7 Classical Conditioning

Behavioral perspective

Classical conditioning

Acquisition

UCS, UCR, CS, CR

Extinction

Spontaneous recovery

Discriminative Stimulus

Stimulus generalization

Stimulus discrimination

Higher order conditioning

Classical conditioning of emotions

Classical conditioning in therapy (e.g., counterconditioning)

Taste aversions

• One trial conditioning

• Biological preparedness

Habituation

Operant conditioning

The Law of Effect

Reinforcement vs. Punishment

Positive reinforcement

Negative reinforcement

Positive punishment

Negative punishment

Primary reinforcers

Secondary reinforcers

Reinforcement discrimination

Reinforcement generalization

Shaping

Instinctive drift

Superstitious behaviors

Learned helplessness

Schedules of reinforcement

Continuous vs. partial

Fixed ratio

Variable ratio

Fixed interval

Variable interval

Graph pattern of responses (e.g. FI produces a scalloped graph)

Social learning theory

Observational learning

Vicarious conditioning

Modeling

Insight learning

Latent learning

Cognitive maps

Attributions

• Dispositional (internal qualities)

• Situational (external circumstances)

Explanatory styles

• Optimistic

• Pessimistic

Actor/observer bias

Fundamental attribution error

Self-serving bias

Internal locus of control

External locus of control

Person perception

Mere exposure effect

Self-fulfilling prophecy

Social comparison (upward or downward)

Relative deprivation

Stereotype

Prejudice

Discrimination

Implicit attitudes

Just-world-phenomenon

Out-group homogeneity bias

In-group bias

Ethnocentrism

Belief perseverance

Confirmation bias

Cognitive dissonance

Social norms

Social influence theory

• Normative

• Informational

Persuasion

Elaboration likelihood model

Central route to persuasion

Peripheral route to persuasion

Halo effect

Foot-in-the-door technique

Door-in-the-face technique

Conformity

Obedience

Individualism

Collectivism

Multiculturalism

Group polarization

Groupthink

Diffusion of responsibility

Social loafing

Deindividuation

Social facilitation

False consensus effect

Superordinate goals

Social traps

I/O Psychologists

Altruism

Social reciprocity norm

Social responsibility norm

Bystander effect

Ivan Pavlov

John B. Watson – Little Albert experiment

B.F. Skinner 

Edward Thorndike – Law of effect

John Garcia – Taste aversion

Robert Rescorla – Cognitive model of classical conditioning

Edward Tolman – Latent learning

Albert Bandura