AP Human - Unit 6, housing, models, and structures

Urban Hierarchies

• Urban Hierarchy Definition: A systematic way of organizing cities based on population and economic functions.

• Rank-Size Rule: In many countries, the population of the largest city is about double that of the second-largest city, with subsequent cities continuing this trend (approximately 1/3, 1/4, etc.).

• Primate City Concept: In some nations, one city dominates economically and politically, often referred to as a primate city.

  • Example: New York City in the U.S. may act as a primate city due to its substantial population and economic influence.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Primate Cities

• Advantages:

  1. Economic Centralization: Major commercial hubs attract businesses and investments.

  2. Cultural Attraction: Centers of culture and education draw in people ranging from students to tourists.

  3. Infrastructure Development: Larger cities often see more sophisticated infrastructure like transport and communication systems.

  4. Labor Pools: High population leads to a large labor force, pooling skills and services.

  5. Global Connectivity: Major cities serve as crucial links in global trade networks, often being central to transportation hubs.

• Disadvantages:

  1. Urban Sprawl: Overpopulation can lead to overcrowding and inadequate housing.

  2. Environmental Issues: Increased pollution and waste management challenges arise.

  3. Economic Disparities: Wealth may concentrate, leading to stark contrasts between well-off areas and slums.

  4. Traffic Congestion: High population density can result in traffic issues, reducing overall quality of life.

  5. Social Tensions: Increased competition for jobs and resources can lead to social unrest.

Characteristics of Urban Life in Prototypical Cities

• Descriptions of City Life:

  • Vibrant: Cities have a significant amount of activity, often described as "alive" with excitement and opportunities.

  • Illumination: Brightly lit areas at night indicate a bustling metropolitan site.

  • Cultural Dynamics: Cities attract diverse populations, resulting in various cultural exchanges.

Product Types and Economic Impact

• High Order Goods: These goods (like electronics) are not frequently purchased compared to low-order goods (like groceries) and usually require higher income to purchase.

• Consumer Behavior: Consumers prioritize their purchases differently based on economy and necessity, which varies from low-order to high-order goods.

Urban Models and Dynamics

• Southeast Asia City Model: Characterized by a central port area that regulates trade and business.

  • Port Influence: Cities in Southeast Asia often grow around ports due to their role in international trade.

  • Diverse Economic Activity: Various commercial zones indicate different levels of economic activity.

• Challenges to Urban Development: Tariffs and external economic pressures influence urban growth dynamics, leading to varying economic flourishing.

Global Urban Patterns

• Urban Exploration: Different city models reveal how historical movements (like colonialism) shaped urban layouts.

  • Ethnic Neighborhoods: Many cities contain neighborhoods that reflect ethnic concentrations, often dating back to migration patterns.

• Restoration Movements: Urban renewal efforts in the late 20th century sought to revitalize decaying urban centers by restoring historical buildings and creating attractive public spaces.

Conclusion

• Synthesis of Urban Models: Understanding urban models aids in comprehending the complexities of city life and the impacts of historical, economic, and social factors on urban development.