Its not that you have the gene but when and how is that gene expressed
Nucleic
Nucleic acids
- A complex biomolecule that store cellular information in the form of a code
- Nucleic acids are polymers of smaller submits called nucleotides
Phosphate sugar backbone holds the bases where they need to be
DNA = deoxyribonucleic Acid
- Double helix structure
RNA = ribonucleic Acid
Single backbone structure
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Base pairing
Hydrogen bonding between nitrogenous bases
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In 1953 james watson and francis crick shook the world
They invented dna structure and shape
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Grifith found that when he mixed heat-killed remains of the pathogenic strain
With living cells of the nonpathogenic strain, some of these living cells become pathogenic
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He called this the transformation
- Now defined as a change in genotype ad phenotype due to assimilation of external DNA by a cell
Avery, mcleod and mccarty 30s 40s
- Performed subsequent experiments in which they extracted and analyzed the “transforming principle”
Viruses that infect bacteria are widely used as research tools by scientists in genetics
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Hershey and chase
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Chargaff analyzed the base composition of DNA
Found every organism he could find and looked at the dna and weighed it
There was always a 1:1 ratio between adenine and thymine and same for guanine and cytosine
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Atlantic salmon aquabounty aquadvantage fish
Take genes from pacific salmon and ocean pout (eel) and put those into atlantic salmon
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DNA replication
location
Dna is in the nucleus
Phases of the cell cycle
The cell cycle consists of
The mitotic phase
Interphase
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Dna replication
- The parent molecule unwinds, and two new daughter strands are built bases on base-pairing rules
Helicase
- Opens DNA helix enabling replication. It splits the double helix into two single helix molecules on each side of the DNA