1. Parallelism: in which parts of a sentence or multiple sentences are grammatically similar or identical in structure, sound, meaning, or meter.

2. Hypophora: in which a speaker poses a question and then immediately answers it themselves.

3. Repetition: in which words, phrases, sounds, or ideas are repeated for emphasis and effect.

4. Figurative speech: uses non-literal expressions to convey meanings, create effects, or enhance writing.

5. Tricolon: that involves using a series of three parallel elements—such as words, phrases, or clauses—in a sentence or passage. 

6. Polysyndeton: characterized by the deliberate use of multiple conjunctions between words, phrases, or clauses in a series.

7. Juxtaposition: in which two or more contrasting elements—such as ideas, characters, settings, or themes—are placed close together or side by side for the purpose of highlighting their differences or creating a more complex understanding. 

8. Allusion: in which a speaker or writer makes a reference to a person, place, event, work of literature, or other cultural element, often indirectly.

9. Incongruity: where there’s a mismatch between what is expected and what actually occurs. 

10. Reversal: where the usual order or expected outcome is turned upside down.

11. Parody: humorously imitates or exaggerates the style, tone, or content of another work, genre, or individual.

12. Satire: uses humor, irony, exaggeration, or ridicule to criticize or mock individuals, institutions, or societal norms. 

13. Sarcasm: involves making a statement in which the intended meaning is opposite to the literal meaning of the words used. 

14. Ambiguity: where a statement or phrase has multiple meanings or interpretations, often intentionally. 

15. Dramatic Irony: where the audience or readers know more about a situation, event, or piece of information than the characters within the story. 

16. Situational Irony: where there is a discrepancy between what is expected to happen and what actually occurs.

17. Verbal Irony: in which a speaker says something but means the opposite, or something quite different from what is literally expressed.

18. Understatement: where a speaker deliberately downplays or minimizes the significance of something, often to create a subtle effect or highlight the true extent of a situation by contrast.

19. Hyperbole: involves exaggerated statements or claims not meant to be taken literally.

20. Persuasion: the act of convincing someone to adopt a particular belief, attitude, or course of action.

21. Rhetorical Question: a question posed not to elicit an actual response, but to make a point or provoke thought.

22. Pedantic: An adjective that describes words, phrases, or general tone that is overly scholarly, academic, or bookish; using big words for the sake of using big words.

23. Aphorism: characterized by a concise, clever, and often memorable statement that expresses a general truth, principle, or observation about life. 

24. Apostrophe: A figure of speech that directly addresses and absent or imaginary person or a personified abstraction, such as liberty or love. It is an address to someone or something that cannot answer.

25. Caricature: a visual or verbal depiction that exaggerates certain features, traits, or aspects of a person, group, or situation for comedic or critical effect. 

26. Chiasmus: in which two or more clauses or phrases are balanced against each other by reversing their structure.

27. Didactic: that is intended to instruct, teach, or provide guidance on moral, ethical, or educational matters.

28. Euphemism: where a mild or indirect word or expression is used in place of a more direct, harsh, or blunt one. 

29. Homily: that is typically delivered as part of a religious service or sermon.

30. Metonymy: where one word or phrase is substituted for another with which it is closely associated.

31. Zeugma: in which a single word, often a verb or adjective, governs or modifies two or more words, though these words typically have different meanings or contexts. 

32. Litotes: that involves making an understatement by using double negatives or negating the opposite to emphasize a point.

33. Diction: refers to the choice of words and style of expression used by a writer or speaker. 

34. Syntax: The way sentences are grammatically constructed.

35. Anadiplosis: where the last word or phrase of one clause or sentence is repeated at the beginning of the next clause or sentence.

36. Synecdoche: in which a part of something is used to represent the whole, or the whole is used to represent a part. 

37. Syllogism: a form of logical reasoning in which a conclusion is drawn from two given or assumed premises.

38. Loose sentence/non-periodic sentence: a type of sentence in which the main clause or principal idea comes first, followed by one or more subordinate or additional clauses. 

39. Periodic sentence: a sentence structure in which the main clause or principal idea is delayed until the end of the sentence.

40. Asyndeton: where conjunctions are deliberately omitted from a series of related clauses or phrases.

41. Tropes: that involve the use of language in non-literal ways to convey meaning or create a specific effect.

42. Rhetoric: the art or study of using language effectively and persuasively; Language that is elaborate, pretentious, insincere, or intellectually vacuous.

43. Propaganda: a form of communication aimed at influencing the attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors of people, often by presenting information in a biased or misleading way.

44. Polemical: refers to a style of writing or speech that is strongly critical, controversial, or argumentative, often designed to challenge or refute a particular idea, opinion, or position. 

45. Apologists: are those who defend their beliefs against polemicists. 

46. Colloquialism: a local or regional dialect (“y'all" or "gonna" ) not used in formal speech.

47. Dialect: A regional or social variety of a language distinguished by pronunciation, grammar, or vocabulary, especially a way of speaking that differs from the standard variety of the language. 

48. Vernacular: the language (spoken) of a particular group, profession, region.

49. Antimetabole: (a type of chiasmus but using exact words) A verbal pattern in which the second half of an expression is balanced against the first but with the words in reverse grammatical order. 

50. Archaic Diction: archaism – the use of older, outdated words and expressions.

51. Hortative: a sentence meant to encourage, to cheer someone on, or a call to action “Keep going!” “ You can do anything.”.

52. Imperative: a sentence that gives instruction or advice or command.

53. Interrogative: a sentence that asks a question.

54. Inversion: the different arrangement (syntax) of words from the normal subject-verb arrangement.

55. Synesthesia: describing a sensual impression using a different sense or transferring one sensory function on to another. 

56. Anecdote: A personal story or brief narrative often used to illustrate an idea or make a point.

57. Logos: relies on logic and reason to persuade an audience. 

58. Ethos: refers to the credibility or ethical appeal of the speaker or writer.

Pathos: to appeal to the audience's emotions.