Period 7 Vocab 1

 Imperialism – The policy of extending a nation's power and influence through diplomacy or military force, especially by acquiring territories.

 Big Stick Policy – Theodore Roosevelt’s foreign policy of negotiating peacefully while maintaining a strong military presence.

 Teddy Roosevelt – 26th U.S. president (1901-1909), known for progressive reforms, trust-busting, conservation efforts, and his role in the Spanish-American War.

 San Juan Hill – Site of a decisive battle in the Spanish-American War, where Theodore Roosevelt and the Rough Riders gained fame.

 Cuba – A Spanish colony until the Spanish-American War, after which the U.S. gained influence through the Platt Amendment.

 Rough Riders – A volunteer cavalry regiment led by Theodore Roosevelt during the Spanish-American War, known for their charge up San Juan Hill.

 Battle of Manila – The first major battle of the Spanish-American War, where U.S. forces, led by Commodore George Dewey, destroyed the Spanish Pacific fleet.

 Philippines – A Spanish colony captured by the U.S. in 1898, later the site of the Philippine-American War (1899-1902) as Filipinos resisted U.S. control.

 "Splendid Little War" – Term used by Secretary of State John Hay to describe the Spanish-American War, emphasizing its short duration and U.S. victory.

 Spanish-American War in yellow journalism – Sensationalist journalism, particularly by Hearst and Pulitzer, exaggerated Spanish atrocities to push the U.S. toward war.

 Teller Amendment – U.S. declaration stating it would not annex Cuba after the Spanish- American War.

 Perpetual base at Guantanamo Bay – Established through the Platt Amendment, granting the U.S. a permanent naval base in Cuba.

 Roosevelt Corollary – Extension of the Monroe Doctrine by Theodore Roosevelt, asserting the U.S. right to intervene in Latin America to maintain stability.

 Panama Canal – A vital waterway linking the Atlantic and Pacific, constructed after U.S. support for Panama’s independence from Colombia.

 Dollar Diplomacy – President Taft’s policy of using economic investments to extend U.S. influence abroad, particularly in Latin America.

 Mexican Revolution – A violent revolution (1910-1920) that overthrew dictator Porfirio Díaz; key figures included Francisco Madero, Pancho Villa, Emiliano Zapata, and Venustiano Carranza.

 Zimmerman Telegram – A secret German message to Mexico proposing an alliance against the U.S., which helped push America into World War I.