Pankow 6C

  1. Flashcard 1
    Question: The [Right or Left] hemisphere of the brain is involved in language
    Answer: left

  2. Flashcard 2
    Question: [Brain region] is involved in speech production and is located in the frontal lobe
    Answer: Broca's area

  3. Flashcard 3
    Question: Broca's area is involved in [Answer] and is located in the [Answer] lobe
    Answer: speech production; frontal

  4. Flashcard 4
    Question: [Brain region] is involved in sound processing and is located in the temporal lobe
    Answer: Wernicke's area

  5. Flashcard 5
    Question: Wernicke's area is involved in [Answer] and is located in the [Answer] lobe
    Answer: sound processing; temporal

  6. Flashcard 6
    Question: Aphasia is [Answer]
    Answer: any disorder that involves language

  7. Flashcard 7
    Question: [Disorder] is when people have trouble producing speech as a result of damage to the language production centers of the brain
    Answer: Broca's aphasia

  8. Flashcard 8
    Question: Broca's aphasia is when people [Answer]
    Answer: have trouble producing speech as a result of damage to the language production centers of the brain

  9. Flashcard 9
    Question: People with broca's aphasia can [Answer] but have trouble [Answer]
    Answer: understand language; producing language

  10. Flashcard 10
    Question: [Disorder] is when people have trouble comprehending language as a result of temporal lobe damage but are still able to speak
    Answer: Wernicke's aphasia

  11. Flashcard 11
    Question: Wernicke's aphasia is when people [Answer]
    Answer: have trouble comprehending language as a result of temporal lobe damage but are still able to speak

  12. Flashcard 12
    Question: People with wernicke's aphasia can [Answer] but have trouble [Answer]
    Answer: produce language; comprehending language

  13. Flashcard 13
    Question: [Answer] is a term used for speech produced by individuals with wernicke's aphasia that lacks meaning
    Answer: Word Salad

  14. Flashcard 14
    Question: [Answer] is when an individual has a damaged broca's and wernicke's area combo of wernicke's aphasia and broca's aphasia
    Answer: Global aphasia

  15. Flashcard 15
    Question: Global aphasia is when an individual [Answer] combo of wernicke's aphasia and broca's aphasia
    Answer: has a damaged broca's and wernicke's area

  16. Flashcard 16
    Question: Wernicke's and Broca's area are connected by a bundle of nerve fibers called the [Answer]
    Answer: arcuate fasciculus

  17. Flashcard 17
    Question: When the arcuate fasciculus is damaged, an individual has [Answer]
    Answer: conduction aphasia

  18. Flashcard 18
    Question: When the [Answer] is damaged, an individual has conduction aphasia
    Answer: arcuate fasciculus

  19. Flashcard 19
    Question: [Answer] is associated with normal function of broca's and wernicke's area independently but problems when they have to work together important: this means that they can speak and comprehend independently, but have a lot of trouble when told something and asked to repeat it
    Answer: Conduction aphasia

  20. Flashcard 20
    Question: Conduction aphasia is associated with [Answer] but [Answer] important: this means that they can speak and comprehend independently, but have a lot of trouble when told something and asked to repeat it
    Answer: normal function of broca's and wernicke's area independently; problems when they have to work together

  21. Flashcard 21
    Question: Agraphia is the [Answer]
    Answer: inability to write

  22. Flashcard 22
    Question: Anomia is the [Answer]
    Answer: inability to name things

  23. Flashcard 23
    Question: If the corpus callosum is severed, the individual is considered [Answer]
    Answer: split-brained

  24. Flashcard 24
    Question: In split-brain individuals, if an image is on their left, they can [Answer] but they cannot [Answer]
    Answer: pick up the object/draw it; name the object

  25. Flashcard 25
    Question: In split-brain individuals, if an image is on their right, they can [Answer] but they cannot [Answer]
    Answer: name the object; pick up the object/draw it

  26. Flashcard 26
    Question: [Answer] is concerned with how the way something is said influences its meaning irony, sarcasm, emphasis, etc
    Answer: Prosody

  27. Flashcard 27
    Question: Behaviorists believe language is [Answer]
    Answer: just conditioned behavior

  28. Flashcard 28
    Question: Nativists believe language is [Answer]
    Answer: innate

  29. Flashcard 29
    Question: Materialist's observe [Answer]
    Answer: what happens in the brain when people think/speak/write

  30. Flashcard 30
    Question: Interactionists place heavy emphasis on [Answer]
    Answer: interconnection of environmental cues and innate biology in regards to language

  31. Flashcard 31
    Question: [Answer] is the idea that thoughts determine language completely example: new guinea people who only think about dark/light so they only have 2 words for colors
    Answer: Universalism

  32. Flashcard 32
    Question: Universalism is the idea that [Answer] example: new guinea people who only think about dark/light so they only have 2 words for colors
    Answer: thoughts determine language completely

  33. Flashcard 33
    Question: [Dude] believed that once children could think a certain way, they developed language to describe those thoughts
    Answer: Piaget

  34. Flashcard 34
    Question: Piaget believed that [what he thought about LANGUAGE] "example: kids in pre-operational stage will develop words like ""gone"" or ""away"" to reflect object permanence"
    Answer: once children could think a certain way, they developed language to describe those thoughts

  35. Flashcard 35
    Question: [Dude] believed that language and thought are independent but converge through development.
    Answer: Vygotsky

  36. Flashcard 36
    Question: Vygotsky believed that [in terms of language]
    Answer: language and thought are independent but converge through development.

  37. Flashcard 37
    Question: [Answer] believed in the idea that children develop language by interacting with adults who already know the language. This is called socialization
    Answer: Vygotsky

  38. Flashcard 38
    Question: Vygotsky believed in the idea that children develop language [Answer]. This is called socialization
    Answer: by interacting with adults who already know the language

  39. Flashcard 39
    Question: Vygotsky believed in the idea that children develop language by interacting with adults who already know the language. This is called [Answer]
    Answer: socialization

  40. Flashcard 40
    Question: [Answer] is the idea that language has influence on thoughts
    Answer: Linguistic determinism

  41. Flashcard 41
    Question: Linguistic determinism is the idea that [Answer]
    Answer: language has influence on thoughts

  42. Flashcard 42
    Question: [Answer] AKA [Answer] states that language influences thoughts and we think in ways based on how our language is structured
    Answer: Weak linguistic determinism; relativism

  43. Flashcard 43
    Question: Weak linguistic determinism AKA relativism states that [Answer] and [Answer]
    Answer: language influences thoughts; we think in ways based on how our language is structured

  44. Flashcard 44
    Question: [Answer] AKA [Answer] states that language completely determines thoughts example: Hopi tribe in Brazil doesn't have grammatical tense so they don't think about time in the same way we do
    Answer: Strong Linguistic Determinism; Sapir-Whorfian Hypothesis

  45. Flashcard 45
    Question: Strong Linguistic Determinism AKA Sapir-Whorfian Hypothesis states that [Answer] example: Hopi tribe in Brazil doesn't have grammatical tense so they don't think about time in the same way we do
    Answer: language completely determines thoughts

  46. Flashcard 46
    Question: [Idea] associated with [Answer] believed that children are born with an innate ability to learn langage because we all have a language acquisition device
    Answer: The Nativist perspective; Noam Chomsky

  47. Flashcard 47
    Question: The Nativist perspective associated with Noam Chomsky believed that [Answer]
    Answer: children are born with an innate ability to learn langage because we all have a language acquisition device

  48. Flashcard 48
    Question: The Nativist perspective (language) believes that during development [Answer]
    Answer: there is a critical period where the language acquisition device is most active between birth to age 8-9

  49. Flashcard 49
    Question: The Nativist perspective is supported by the fact that [Answer] Since all languages share same grammar (verb,noun,adj) then language must be innate
    Answer: all languages share universal grammar

  50. Flashcard 50
    Question: [Theory], associated with [Answer], states that language is acquired through operant conditioning
    Answer: The Learning (behaviorist) theory; BF Skinner

  51. Flashcard 51
    Question: The Learning (behaviorist) theory, associated with BF Skinner, states that language [Answer]
    Answer: is acquired through operant conditioning

  52. Flashcard 52
    Question: [Theory], associated with [Answer], believes that biological and social factors must interact for children to learn language
    Answer: The Interactionist approach; Vygotsky

  53. Flashcard 53
    Question: The Interactionist approach, associated with Vygotsky, believes that [Answer] children WANT to communicate with adults, so it motivates them to learn language
    Answer: biological and social factors must interact for children to learn language

  54. Flashcard 54
    Question: [Answer] is the complete set of meaningful units in a language
    Answer: Lexicon

  55. Flashcard 55
    Question: [Answer] is the actual sound of a language
    Answer: Phonology

  56. Flashcard 56
    Question: [Answer] is the structure of words in a language
    Answer: Morphology

  57. Flashcard 57
    Question: [Answer] is the association of meaning with a word
    Answer: Semantics

  58. Flashcard 58
    Question: [Answer] is how words are put together in sentences
    Answer: Syntax

  59. Flashcard 59
    Question: [Answer] is the branch of linguistics that deals with the context in which language is used
    Answer: Pragmatics

  60. Flashcard 60
    Question: [Answer] is a set of structures in the brain that play an important role in regulating emotions
    Answer: The Limbic System

  61. Flashcard 61
    Question: The Limbic System is a set of structures in the brain that [Answer]
    Answer: play an important role in regulating emotions

  62. Flashcard 62
    Question: The limbic system is composed of the [Answer], [Answer], [Answer], and [Answer] mnemonic: Hippo wearing a HAT
    Answer: hypothalamus; amygdala; thalamus; hippocampus

  63. Flashcard 63
    Question: [Answer] is the sensory relay station that directs sensory nerves to appropriate brain regions
    Answer: The thalamus

  64. Flashcard 64
    Question: The thalamus is the [Answer]
    Answer: sensory relay station that directs sensory nerves to appropriate brain regions

  65. Flashcard 65
    Question: The only sense that bypasses the thalamus is [Answer]
    Answer: olfaction

  66. Flashcard 66
    Question: [Brain region] is involved with emotion, aggression, and fears
    Answer: The amygdala

  67. Flashcard 67
    Question: The amygdala is involved with [Answer], [Answer], and [Answer]
    Answer: emotion; aggression; fears

  68. Flashcard 68
    Question: [Syndrome] is caused by destruction of the amygdala and results in hyperorality, hypersexuality, and disinhibited behavior
    Answer: Kluver-Bucy syndrome

  69. Flashcard 69
    Question: Kluver-Bucy syndrome is caused by [Answer] and results in [Answer], [Answer], and [Answer]
    Answer: destruction of the amygdala; hyperorality; hypersexuality; disinhibited behavior

  70. Flashcard 70
    Question: Stimulation of the amygdala results in [Answer], [Answer], and [Answer]
    Answer: anger; violence; fear

  71. Flashcard 71
    Question: Destruction of the amygdala results in a [Answer] effect
    Answer: mellowing

  72. Flashcard 72
    Question: [Brain region] is involved in converting short term memory to long term memory
    Answer: The hippocampus

  73. Flashcard 73
    Question: The hippocampus is involved in [Answer]
    Answer: converting short term memory to long term memory

  74. Flashcard 74
    Question: Individuals with a damaged hippocampus have [Answer] anterograde amnesia
    Answer: old memories but can't make new ones

  75. Flashcard 75
    Question: [Brain region] functions include regulating the autonomic nervous system, endocrine system (pituitary!!!), and controlling biological drives like hunger, sleep, thirst, sex, etc
    Answer: The hypothalamus

  76. Flashcard 76
    Question: The hypothalamus functions include [Answer], [Answer], and [Answer]
    Answer: regulating the autonomic nervous system; endocrine system (pituitary!!!); controlling biological drives like hunger, sleep, thirst, sex, etc

  77. Flashcard 77
    Question: The left hemisphere of the cerebral cortex evokes [Answer] emotions
    Answer: positive

  78. Flashcard 78
    Question: The right hemisphere of the cerebral cortex evokes [Answer] emotions
    Answer: negative

  79. Flashcard 79
    Question: [Brain region] is responsible for higher-order functions, executive control, problem solving, decision making, and how you act in social situations mnemonic: PHEDS
    Answer: The prefrontal cortex

  80. Flashcard 80
    Question: The prefrontal cortex is responsible for [Answer], [Answer], [Answer], [Answer], and [Answer] mnemonic: PHEDS
    Answer: higher-order functions; executive control; problem solving; decision making; how you act in social situations

  81. Flashcard 81
    Question: Sympathetic nervous system effects [Answer] [Answer] [Answer] [Answer] [Answer] [Answer] [Answer]
    Answer: dilate pupils; decrease salivation; increase RR; increase HR; increase blood glucose; increase adrenaline and norepinephrine; decrease digestion

  82. Flashcard 82
    Question: Parasympathetic nervous system effects [Answer] [Answer] [Answer] [Answer] [Answer] [Answer] [Answer]
    Answer: pupils constrict; increased salivation; decreased RR; decreased HR; increase glucose storage; decreased adrenaline; increased digestion

  83. Flashcard 83
    Question: The three components of emotion are [Answer], [Answer], and [Answer] physiological: heart rate increase, muscle tenses, etc cognitive: enjoying the party because you like parties behavioral: facial expression, language
    Answer: physiological; cognitive; behavioral

  84. Flashcard 84
    Question: The behavioral components to emotion include [Answer] and [Answer]
    Answer: body language; facial expressions

  85. Flashcard 85
    Question: The physiological components to emotion are [Answer] ex: HR increase when happy
    Answer: how your body reacts to certain emotions

  86. Flashcard 86
    Question: Cognitive component of emotion involves [Answer] ex: I like parties
    Answer: how you feel about something

  87. Flashcard 87
    Question: [Answer] founded the 6 universal basic emotions that anyone can identify
    Answer: Paul Ekman

  88. Flashcard 88
    Question: Paul Ekman founded [Answer]
    Answer: the 6 universal basic emotions that anyone can identify

  89. Flashcard 89
    Question: 6 universal emotions [Answer] [Answer] [Answer] [Answer] [Answer] [Answer]
    Answer: happiness; sadness; fear; disgust; anger; surprise

  90. Flashcard 90
    Question: Darwin hypothesized that emotions are [Answer]
    Answer: expressed as an innate ability that allowed individuals to act in ways that gave them a better chance of survival

  91. Flashcard 91
    Question: [Answer] Theory of Emotion event ↓ physiological response ↓ interpretation of physiological response ↓ emotion mnemonic: J/L one apart on the alphabet, so physiological response first then emotion
    Answer: James-Lange

  92. Flashcard 92
    Question: James-Lange Theory of Emotion [Answer] example: A man, who is allergic to bees, encounters a bee. The man’s heart beat increases, he starts sweating, and he then interprets these physiological changes as the emotion fear
    Answer: event ↓ physiological response ↓ interpretation of physiological response ↓ emotion

  93. Flashcard 93
    Question: [Answer] Theory of Emotion Event ↓ Physiological Response + Emotion at same time mnemonic: C/B next to eachother in alphabet, so physiological response + emotion at same time
    Answer: Cannon-Bard

  94. Flashcard 94
    Question: Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion [Answer] example: Man is allergic to bees encounters a bee. At the same time, the mans heartbeat increases, he starts sweating, and feels fear.
    Answer: Event ↓ Physiological Response + Emotion at same time

  95. Flashcard 95
    Question: [Answer] Theory of Emotion Event ↓ Physiological Response + Identify Reason for the Response ↓ Emotion mnemonic/example: A SINGER who thinks she sucks performs at a concert. When it is over everyone claps. The singer's heart beat increases and at the same time she recognizes the clapping as people thinking she is a good singer. This makes her label the emotion as happiness :)
    Answer: Schachter-Singer

  96. Flashcard 96
    Question: Schachter-Singer Theory of Emotion [Answer]
    Answer: Event ↓ Physiological Response + Identify Reason for the Response ↓ Emotion

  97. Flashcard 97
    Question: [Answer] Theory of Emotion Event ↓ Labelling event (appraisal) ↓ Emotion + Physiological Response mnemonic: Lazarus must Label the event before emotion or PR
    Answer: Lazarus

  98. Flashcard 98
    Question: Lazarus Theory of Emotion [Answer] example: Wolf is running at you. You label this even as threatening. You simultaneously sweat, increase HR, and feel the emotion of Fear.
    Answer: Event ↓ Labelling event (appraisal) ↓ Emotion + Physiological Response

  99. Flashcard 99
    Question: In Lazarus' theory of emotion, labeling is based on [Answer] and [Answer] some things might be labeled as good/bad for different people and different cultures this is why some people like skydiving and some don't
    Answer: the individual; cultural differences

  100. Flashcard 100
    Question: The [Answer] Law states that people perform best when they are moderately aroused
    Answer: Yerkes-Dodson

  101. Flashcard 101
    Question: Yerkes-Dodson Law states that [Answer]
    Answer: people perform best when they are moderately aroused

  102. Flashcard 102
    Question: [Answer] is the process by which we appraise and cope with environmental threats and challenges
    Answer: Stress

  103. Flashcard 103
    Question: Stress is the process by which we [Answer]
    Answer: appraise and cope with environmental threats and challenges

  104. Flashcard 104
    Question: [Answer] is the threatening/challenging event that causes stress
    Answer: The stressor

  105. Flashcard 105
    Question: The stressor is the [Answer]
    Answer: threatening/challenging event that causes stress

  106. Flashcard 106
    Question: [Answer] is the physical and emotional response to stress
    Answer: The stress reaction

  107. Flashcard 107
    Question: The stress reaction is the [Answer]
    Answer: physical and emotional response to stress

  108. Flashcard 108
    Question: [Theory], associated with [Psychologist], states that stress arises less from physical events and more from assessment/interpretation of the stressor
    Answer: The Appraisal theory of stress; Lazarus

  109. Flashcard 109
    Question: The Appraisal theory of stress, associated with Lazarus, states that [Answer]
    Answer: stress arises less from physical events and more from assessment/interpretation of the stressor

  110. Flashcard 110
    Question: The two stages to the appraisal theory of stress are [Answer] and [Answer]
    Answer: primary appraisal; secondary appraisal

  111. Flashcard 111
    Question: [Answer] is when you assess stress in your present situation. three types of appraisal are irrelevant, positive, or negative
    Answer: Primary appraisal

  112. Flashcard 112
    Question: Primary appraisal is when you [Answer]
    Answer: assess stress in your present situation

  113. Flashcard 113
    Question: [Answer] is the evaluation of an individuals ability to cope with a stressor
    Answer: Secondary appraisal

  114. Flashcard 114
    Question: Secondary appraisal is [Answer]
    Answer: the evaluation of an individuals ability to cope with a stressor

  115. Flashcard 115
    Question: Secondary appraisal evaluates [Answer]
    Answer: an individuals ability to cope with a stressor based on level of harm, threat, and challenge

  116. Flashcard 116
    Question: The four categories of stressors are: [Answer] [Answer] [Answer] [Answer]
    Answer: significant life changes; catastrophic events; daily hassles; ambient stressors

  117. Flashcard 117
    Question: Many consider [stressor] to be the most important form of stress
    Answer: daily hassles

  118. Flashcard 118
    Question: Stressors can trigger the bodies [Answer] and [Answer]
    Answer: sympathetic nervous system; endocrine response

  119. Flashcard 119
    Question: The endocrine response to stress includes [Answer] and [Answer] catecholamines released by adrenal medulla cortisol releasead by adrenal cortex
    Answer: releasing catecholamines (epinephrine/norepinephrine); releasing cortisol

  120. Flashcard 120
    Question: [Response] is the idea that humans respond better to stress when they have a support system
    Answer: The tend and befriend response

  121. Flashcard 121
    Question: The tend and befriend response is [Answer]
    Answer: the idea that humans respond better to stress when they have a support system

  122. Flashcard 122
    Question: The tend and befriend response involves the hormone [Answer]
    Answer: oxytocin

  123. Flashcard 123
    Question: General adaptation syndrome was developed by [Answer]
    Answer: Hans Selye

  124. Flashcard 124
    Question: The three stages to [Answer] are alarm, resistance, and exhaustion
    Answer: general adaptation syndrome

  125. Flashcard 125
    Question: The three stages to general adaptation syndrome are [Answer], [Answer], and [Answer]
    Answer: alarm; resistance; exhaustion

  126. Flashcard 126
    Question: The alarm phase of GAS is when [Answer] and [Answer]
    Answer: stress kicks in; the heart races

  127. Flashcard 127
    Question: The resistance phase of GAS is when individuals have [Answer], [Answer], and [Answer]
    Answer: very high cortisol; high BP and RR; flee/huddle

  128. Flashcard 128
    Question: The exhaustion phase of GAS is when individuals have [Answer] and [Answer]
    Answer: run out of resources to handle stress; have weakened immune systems

  129. Flashcard 129
    Question: Stress can lead to [Answer], [Answer], [Answer], and [Answer], and [Answer]
    Answer: hypertension; heart disease; diabetes; reproductive issues; immune problems

  130. Flashcard 130
    Question: One major emotional response to stress is [Answer] :(
    Answer: depression

  131. Flashcard 131
    Question: In stressed individuals, the [brain region] stops responding to serotonin leads to inability to experience pleasure
    Answer: anterior cingulate

  132. Flashcard 132
    Question: In stressed individuals, the anterior cingulate stops responding to [Answer] leads to inability to experience pleasure
    Answer: serotonin

  133. Flashcard 133
    Question: [Answer] is when a person suffers from a sense of powerlessness due to persistent failure or loss of control of a situation
    Answer: Learned helplessness

  134. Flashcard 134
    Question: Learned helplessness is when [Answer]
    Answer: a person suffers from a sense of powerlessness due to persistent failure or loss of control of a situation

  135. Flashcard 135
    Question: The three emotional/behavioral effects of stress are [Answer], [Answer], and [Answer] 3 A's
    Answer: anger; anxiety; addiction

  136. Flashcard 136
    Question: Type A individuals are [Answer] Type B individuals are [Answer]
    Answer: easily angered, aggressive, and competitive; easy going

  137. Flashcard 137
    Question: [Answer] is the belief that an individual has control over a stressor
    Answer: Percieved control

  138. Flashcard 138
    Question: One of the best coping mechanisms for stress is [Answer] helps people see they are not alone and improves percieved control and optimism
    Answer: social support

  139. Flashcard 139
    Question: Four great ways to help manage stress: [Answer] [Answer] [Answer] [Answer]
    Answer: exercise; meditation; religion; cognitive flexibility (change your perspective on the stressor)

  140. Flashcard 140
    Question: [Answer] is when one reduces stress of a situation by anticipating a stressor and preparing for it
    Answer: Proactive coping

  141. Flashcard 141
    Question: Proactive coping is when [Answer]
    Answer: one reduces stress of a situation by anticipating a stressor and preparing for it

  142. Flashcard 142
    Question: [Answer] is when one deals with stress by seeking social support
    Answer: Social coping

  143. Flashcard 143
    Question: [Answer] is when a person copes with a stressor by trying to derive meaning from it
    Answer: Meaning-focused coping

  144. Flashcard 144
    Question: Meaning-focused coping is when a person copes with a stressor by [Answer]
    Answer: trying to derive meaning from it

  145. Flashcard 145
    Question: Maladaptive coping mechanisms include [Answer], [Answer], and [Answer]
    Answer: overcompensation; surrendering; avoidance

  146. Flashcard 146
    Question: [Answer] is a coping mechanism where people have the tendency to exert minimal effort to escape stressful social and economic circumstances common in minority students to try and not be discriminated against by the dominant culture for trying and then failing. Would rather just not try than look stupid failing while trying
    Answer: Low effort syndrome