AP EURO NINE WEEKS EXAM BANK ANSWERS

1. The most unusual feature of marriage patterns in the late Middle Ages was:
A) the late age of marriage for women.

2. The period 1315 to 1322 is best described as:
A) a time of scarcity and starvation.

3. The first symptom of the bubonic plague was:
D) a boil the size of a nut or apple in the armpit, groin, or neck.

4. In general, during the plague, the clergy:
A) cared for the sick and buried the dead.

5. The highly infectious nature of the plague was enhanced by:
C) urban congestion and lack of sanitation.

6. _______ were often explicitly prohibited from marrying, as they were understood to be in "minor orders.":
C) University students.

7. In most cases, rape was punished by:
B) fines or brief imprisonments.

8. The establishment of new colleges and universities in the years following the Black Death:
A) greatly weakened the international nature of medieval culture.

9. During the Hundred Years' War, the English kings were supported by some French barons because the latter:
C) wanted to stop the French monarchy's centralizing efforts.

10. Attitudes toward same-sex relations began to change in the:
D) late twelfth century.

11. One important mode of influencing public opinion, used by the English and French kings during the Hundred Years' War, was:
E) instructing priests to deliver patriotic sermons.

12. Conciliarists maintained all of the following except that:
C) the pope was not the head of the Christian church.

13. The spread of literacy:
A) was a response to needs of commerce and government.

14. The young woman who saved France during the Hundred Years' War was:
B) Joan of Arc.

15. The English Statute of Laborers (1351):
E) attempted to freeze salaries and wages at pre-1347 levels.

16. All of the following were consequences of the Hundred Years' War except:
A) the development of a French national assembly.

17. Most court cases dealing with same-sex relations involved:
E) an adult man and an adolescent boy.

18. Crime committed by knights and gentry during the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries is known as:
C) fur-collar crime.

19. The _______ whipped and scourged themselves as penance for their own and society's sins:
B) flagellants.

20. In the absence of the papacy during the Babylonian Captivity, Rome:
C) was left poverty stricken.

21. __________ led the English to victory at Agincourt in 1415:
D) Henry V.

22. In the early periods of conquest and colonization, and in all regions with extensive migrations:
E) a legal dualism existed.

23. Theologian John Wyclif argued that:
B) Scripture alone should determine church belief and practice.

24. The great council that met at Constance from 1414 to 1418:
B) did little more than elect a pope.

25. The Divine Comedy was written in:
A) Italian.

26. Confraternities were organized by all of the following except:
A) wealth.

27. The Brethren and Sisters of the Common Life originated in:
E) Holland.

28. The spirituality of the Brethren and Sisters of the Common Life found its finest expression in the writings of:
C) Thomas a Kempis.

29. In the High Middle Ages, prostitution was:
D) regulated by state authorities.

30. From 1309 to 1376, the popes lived in:
E) Avignon.

31. The history of Mudejars in Spain before the fourteenth century is representative of the:
B) legal dualism between natives and colonists prior to the fourteenth century.

32. Jan Hus died:
A) at the stake.

33. The direct cause of the Hundred Years' War between England and France was:
E) King Philip of France's seizure of Aquitaine.

34. Bridget of Sweden is a good example of:
E) a fourteenth-century mystic.

35. The immediate cause of the English peasant rebellion of 1381 was:
A) the reimposition of the head tax.

36. English oppression in Ireland was exemplified by the:
C) Statute of Kilkenny.

37. The census taken in the city of Florence between 1427 and 1430 suggests that the Black Death:
C) killed more men than women.

38. The rebellions that swept across Europe in the late fourteenth and early fifteenth centuries:
D) involved both rural and urban laboring people.

39. ________ was the most highly urbanized region in northern Europe:
E) Flanders.

40. In the fifteenth century, __________ took the lead in all forms of art:
C) Florence.

41. In early Renaissance Italy, art:
A) manifested corporate power.

42. All of the following were among the Italian powers that dominated the peninsula except:
C) Ferrara.

43. The first artistic and literary manifestation of the Italian Renaissance appeared in:
A) Florence.

44. By 1300, most of the Italian city-states were ruled by either signori or:
B) oligarchies.

45. As consumer habits changed, an aristocrat's greatest expense was usually his:
C) daughter's dowry.

46. In the later fifteenth century, ___________ took the lead in the sponsorship of art:
C) individuals and oligarchs.

47. The individual portrait emerged as a distinct artistic genre in the:
C) fifteenth century.

48. Italian balance of power diplomacy:
A) was designed to prevent a single Italian state from dominating the peninsula.

49. The subjugation of the Italian peninsula by outside invaders was:
D) the result of the Italians' failure to coordinate a common defense.

50. The French invasion of Italy at the end of the fifteenth century was predicted by:
A) Savonarola.

51. One of the central components of the Italian Renaissance was:
C) a glorification of individual genius.

52. Italian humanists stressed the:
A) study of the classics for what they could reveal about human nature.

53. The most important factor in the emergence of the Italian Renaissance was the:
C) great commercial revival in Italy.

54. The contemporary notion of class was developed in the:
B) nineteenth century.

55. The leaders of the Catholic Church:
C) readily adopted the Renaissance spirit, especially when it came to art.

56. Castiglione's manual on gentlemanly conduct:
E) suggested that gentlemen cultivate their abilities in a variety of fields, from athletics to music to art to mathematics.

57. The dominant notion of the true man was that of:
B) the married head of a household.

58. Rich individuals sponsored artists and works of art:
C) to glorify themselves and their families.

59. In the mid-fifteenth century, _____________ revived the French monarchy:
D) Charles VII.

60. According to Machiavelli, the sole test of good government was whether it:
D) was effective.

61. The gabelle was a tax on

• Answer: E) salt

62. The invention of movable type led to all of the following except

• Answer: D) the use of French as the language of polite society

63. In terms of gender relations, Renaissance humanists argued that

• Answer: C) men and men alone should act in the public sphere

64. For ordinary women, the Renaissance

• Answer: A) had very little impact

65. __________'s Decameron embodied the new secular spirit.

• Answer: A) Boccaccio

66. Movable type was invented in the West around

• Answer: D) 1454

67. The northern humanists believed that human nature

• Answer: B) was fundamentally good

68. Thomas More's Utopia placed the blame for society's problems on

• Answer: C) society itself

69. According to the Dutch humanist Erasmus, the key to reform was

• Answer: A) education

70. The Pragmatic Sanction of Bourges

• Answer: C) asserted the rights of the French crown over the French church

71. The social group that most often resisted the centralizing efforts of the new monarchs was the

• Answer: B) nobility

72. According to the text, Thomas More's Utopia was remarkable for its time because it asserted

• Answer: A) that flawed social institutions were responsible for human corruption

73. All of the following were aspects of the centralizing efforts of Charles VII of France except

• Answer: B) redistribution of feudal lands

74. In the fourteenth century, Genoa and __________ dominated the Mediterranean slave trade.

• Answer: A) Venice

75. Black slaves were _________ in the Renaissance courts of northern Italy.

• Answer: C) greatly in demand

76. The Star Chamber

• Answer: A) dealt with noble threats to royal power in England

77. The Tudors won the support of the upper middle class by

• Answer: B) promoting peace and social order

78. Louis XI (r. 1461–1483) was called the

• Answer: A) Spider King

79. Royal authority in Spain was enhanced by all of the following except

• Answer: B) the retention of the confederation structure among the kingdoms

80. The ______________ recognized the French king's right to select French bishops and abbots.

• Answer: D) Concordat of Bologna

81. The Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis ended the conflict known as the

• Answer: C) Habsburg-Valois Wars

82. In the fifteenth century, many clerics held more than one benefice, a practice known as

• Answer: A) pluralism

83. The doctrine of indulgences rests on all of the following principles except belief

• Answer: B) in salvation by faith alone

84. French Calvinists were known as

• Answer: B) Huguenots

85. In 1521, Charles V ordered Luther to appear before the

• Answer: A) Diet of Worms

86. The Saint Bartholomew's Day Massacre led to

• Answer: C) a lengthy civil war

87. Luther believed that the church consisted of

• Answer: E) the entire community of Christian believers

88. Luther's ideas about Roman exploitation of Germany

• Answer: A) appealed to the political aspirations of German princes

89. In 1598, _________ issued the Edict of Nantes.

• Answer: E) Henry IV

90. John Knox was influential in the Reformation in

• Answer: B) Scotland

91. As a result of the Peace of Augsburg, the people of Germany

• Answer: D) became either Lutheran or Catholic, depending on the preference of their prince

92. Luther viewed sex as

• Answer: D) an act that could be destructive but was safely contained within marriage

93. The Protestant Reformation in Germany

• Answer: B) compounded problems that had existed since the Middle Ages

94. When Charles V abdicated, ___________ inherited the seventeen provinces that made up the Netherlands.

• Answer: A) Philip II

95. Ulrich Zwingli attacked all of the following except

• Answer: C) the doctrine of the Trinity

96. Martin Luther's first response to the demands made by the Swabian peasants of their lords was

• Answer: E) sympathy for the peasants

97. According to Calvin, the elect were

• Answer: C) those individuals chosen for salvation

98. The Genevan Consistory

• Answer: B) severely regulated the conduct of Genevans

99. The German Peasants' Revolt of 1525 greatly strengthened the authority of

• Answer: D) lay rulers

100. According to the text, the Calvinist doctrine of predestination led to a

• Answer: E) confidence among Calvinists in their own salvation