sonography suh-NAH-gruh-fee son/o = sound -graphy = process of recording Diagnostic imaging method that uses high- frequency sound waves to generate images of organs and structures in the body. Sonography is useful for determining the sizes of the kidneys and for detecting tumors, nephrolithiasis, and polycystic kidney disease. Also called diagnostic sonography or more commonly, ultrasound. X-rays with contrast media (dyes) Imaging method in which a patient is given contrast media to contrast different structures and fl uids in the body. The dye can be seen on the X-ray. computerized tomography (CT) also called computed tomography (CT) or computerized axial tomography (CAT) Process in which radiographic images of a specifi c section of the body are taken from multiple angles using a contrast medium. The images are then analyzed using a computer to identify urinary injury or disease. CT scans provide more detailed imagery than standard X-rays. intravenous pyelogram (IVP) IN-truh-VEE-nus PIGH- uh-loh-gram intra- = within; into ven/o = vein -ous = pertaining to pyel/o = renal pelvis -gram = record; image X-ray examination of the kidneys, ureters, and urinary bladder using a contrast agent. IVP is useful for detecting cysts, tumors, calculi, and infections (Figure 12.12). renal angiogram AN-jee-oh-GRAM ren/o = kidney -al = pertaining to angi/o = vessel (blood) -gram = record; image X-ray examination that uses a camera and a contrast medium to take “moving images” of blood fl ow through the blood vessels in the kidneys. retrograde pyelogram RET-roh-grade PIGH-uh- loh-gram retro- = behind; backward -grade = to go pyel/o = renal pelvis -gram = record; image X-ray visualization of the renal pelvis, ureters, and bladder using a contrast agent. voiding cystourethrogram (SIS-toh-yoo-REETH- roh-gram) (VCUG) cyst/o = cyst; fl uid sac; bladder urethr/o = urethra -gram = record; image X-ray visualization of the bladder and urethra using a contrast medium. The X-rays are taken while the patient is expelling urine.