Intro to bonding
- The system for naming substances is called chemical nomenclature
- Chemical nomenclature is a set of rules used to generate systematic naming for chemical compounds
- Organic nomenclature
- contain carbon, usually bonded with Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, and Sulfur.
Inorganic nomenclature
Chemical Bonding
- a mutual electrical attraction between the nuclei and valence electrons of different atoms that bind the atoms together
- Atoms form bonds by gaining, losing, or sharing electrons
Octet rule - the tendency of atoms to want to have eight valence electrons
Types of bonds :
- Covalent
- sharing of electron pairs
- Ionic
- electrical attraction between positive cations and negative anions
Ionic
- Cation and Anion - electron gained/lost
- Cation - loses one or more electrons
- Anion - gains on or more electrons
Covalent bonds are formed between two nonmetals and are the sharing of electrons
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Naming
Ionic
Ionic compounds are made of a metal cation and a nonmetal anion
- The first element is a metal (left of the stair step)
- The second element is a nonmetal ( right of the stair step)
- The metal is ALWAYS written first
Naming Rules
Confirm the compound is ionic ( metal followed by nonmetal)
The number of atoms does not matter and there are NO prefixes
Name the cation (metal)
Name the anion (nonmetal), using the root of the element and changing the ending to -ide
Ex:
- NaCl - Sodium Chloride
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Acid (starts with hydrogen)
- Hydrogen with a single element
- prefix = hydro
- follow by element root
- suffix = -ic
- followed by “acid”
}}Formula: hydro(element root)ic acid}}
Ex :
HBr - hydrobromic acid
- Hydrogen with a Polyatomic Ion
- If Polyatomic Ion ends with -ate replace with -ic and follow it with “acid”
- H(NO3) = hydrogen with nitrate = Nitric Acid
- If Polyatomic Ion ends with -ite replace with -ous
- H(NO2) = hydrogen with nitrite = Nitrous Acid
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