ibrahim's study stuff

Cultural Relativism: The idea that we should understand people’s beliefs and actions based on their own culture, not judge them by our own.

Sydemics: The study of how diseases spread in human societies.

Subfields of Anthropology: Different areas of study in anthropology like cultural, physical, and archaeology.

Ethnocentrism: The belief that your own culture is the best and judging other cultures based on that.

Moral Relativism: The idea that moral rules are not the same for everyone, but depend on culture and society.

Society: A group of people who share common laws, traditions, and customs.

Importance of Anthropology and the Workforce: Understanding people and cultures can help in many jobs, like helping businesses work better in different countries.

Human Relations Area Files (HRAF): A collection of information about different cultures to help study human behavior.

Etic and Emic Perspectives:

• Etic: Looking at a culture from the outside.

• Emic: Looking at a culture from the inside, how people in the culture see it.

Anthropology’s Ethical Concerns: The moral issues anthropologists face, like respecting cultures and people they study.

Different Styles of Interviews:

• Formal: Structured, planned questions.

• Informal: Casual, unplanned conversation.

• Structured: Fixed questions for all people.

• Semi-structured: Some questions are fixed, but others can be added during the interview.

Symbol: Something that stands for something else, like a flag or a word.

Transculturation: When cultures influence each other and blend together.

Ethnobotany: The study of how people use plants for medicine, food, and other purposes.

Cultural Adaptation: How people change to fit their environment or new situations.

Biological Adaptations: How humans change physically to survive in different environments.

The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis: The idea that the language you speak shapes how you think.

Haptics: The study of touch in communication.

Linguistic Anthropology: The study of language and how it connects to culture.

Phonemes: The smallest sounds in a language.

Pidgin: A simplified language that develops between people who don’t share a common language.

Dialect: A variety of a language spoken in a specific region.

Code-Switching: Changing your language or style of speaking based on who you are talking to.

Non-verbal Communication: Communication without words, like body language or facial expressions.

Morphemes: The smallest units of meaning in a language.

Language Development: How people learn to speak and understand language.

Foraging: Hunting, fishing, and gathering wild food.

Horticulture: Growing small gardens of crops with simple tools.

Pastoralism: Raising animals for food, like cattle or sheep.

Food Getting Strategies: The different ways people get their food, like farming, hunting, or gathering.

Marcel Mauss’ Theory: The idea that gifts create social ties and people feel the need to give something in return.

Importance of User Experience Research: Studying how people use things (like websites or apps) to make them better.

Economics: The study of how people make and spend money.

Potlatch: A big feast where people give away gifts to show their wealth and power.

Distribution: How goods and services are shared or spread out in a society.

Role of Peasants: Farmers who work the land and produce food for society.

Role of Horticultural and Foraging Societies: Small-scale societies that grow crops or gather wild food.

Balanced Reciprocity: Giving and receiving gifts or favors in a fair and equal way.

Band Societies: Small, simple groups of people that work together and have no formal leaders.

Tribal Societies: Larger groups with a bit more organization, but still without a government.

Chiefdoms: Societies where one person (a chief) has more power over others.

Bigman: A leader who gets power through respect and generosity, not through inheritance.

Conflict Mediation Among Different Societies: How different cultures solve disputes and conflicts.

Bureaucracy: A system of government with many levels of administration and rules.

State Society: A complex society with a central government and laws.

Role of Political Stability: How a stable government helps society function smoothly.

Yanomamö Warfare: The study of conflict and violence among the Yanomamö people of South America.

Theory on Issues of Power: How power is distributed and used in society.

Middle Precariat Role: The growing group of people in unstable or low-wage jobs.

Gig Economy: Jobs that are temporary or freelance, like driving for Uber or freelancing.

Functionalist Theory: The idea that all parts of society work together to keep things stable.

Social Stratification: The division of society into different layers or classes.

Achieved Status: A position in society earned through actions or accomplishments.

History and Study of Race: Understanding how race has been viewed and studied throughout history.

Study of Modern Genetics, Ethnicity, and Globalization: How genetics and the movement of people affect the way we understand race, identity, and culture today.