ibrahim's study stuff

  • Cultural Relativism: The idea that we should understand people’s beliefs and actions based on their own culture, not judge them by our own.

  • Sydemics: The study of how diseases spread in human societies.

  • Subfields of Anthropology: Different areas of study in anthropology like cultural, physical, and archaeology.

  • Ethnocentrism: The belief that your own culture is the best and judging other cultures based on that.

  • Moral Relativism: The idea that moral rules are not the same for everyone, but depend on culture and society.

  • Society: A group of people who share common laws, traditions, and customs.

  • Importance of Anthropology and the Workforce: Understanding people and cultures can help in many jobs, like helping businesses work better in different countries.

  • Human Relations Area Files (HRAF): A collection of information about different cultures to help study human behavior.

  • Etic and Emic Perspectives:

    • Etic: Looking at a culture from the outside.

    • Emic: Looking at a culture from the inside, how people in the culture see it.

  • Anthropology’s Ethical Concerns: The moral issues anthropologists face, like respecting cultures and people they study.

  • Different Styles of Interviews:

    • Formal: Structured, planned questions.

    • Informal: Casual, unplanned conversation.

    • Structured: Fixed questions for all people.

    • Semi-structured: Some questions are fixed, but others can be added during the interview.

  • Symbol: Something that stands for something else, like a flag or a word.

  • Transculturation: When cultures influence each other and blend together.

  • Ethnobotany: The study of how people use plants for medicine, food, and other purposes.

  • Cultural Adaptation: How people change to fit their environment or new situations.

  • Biological Adaptations: How humans change physically to survive in different environments.

  • The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis: The idea that the language you speak shapes how you think.

  • Haptics: The study of touch in communication.

  • Linguistic Anthropology: The study of language and how it connects to culture.

  • Phonemes: The smallest sounds in a language.

  • Pidgin: A simplified language that develops between people who don’t share a common language.

  • Dialect: A variety of a language spoken in a specific region.

  • Code-Switching: Changing your language or style of speaking based on who you are talking to.

  • Non-verbal Communication: Communication without words, like body language or facial expressions.

  • Morphemes: The smallest units of meaning in a language.

  • Language Development: How people learn to speak and understand language.

  • Foraging: Hunting, fishing, and gathering wild food.

  • Horticulture: Growing small gardens of crops with simple tools.

  • Pastoralism: Raising animals for food, like cattle or sheep.

  • Food Getting Strategies: The different ways people get their food, like farming, hunting, or gathering.

  • Marcel Mauss’ Theory: The idea that gifts create social ties and people feel the need to give something in return.

  • Importance of User Experience Research: Studying how people use things (like websites or apps) to make them better.

  • Economics: The study of how people make and spend money.

  • Potlatch: A big feast where people give away gifts to show their wealth and power.

  • Distribution: How goods and services are shared or spread out in a society.

  • Role of Peasants: Farmers who work the land and produce food for society.

  • Role of Horticultural and Foraging Societies: Small-scale societies that grow crops or gather wild food.

  • Balanced Reciprocity: Giving and receiving gifts or favors in a fair and equal way.

  • Band Societies: Small, simple groups of people that work together and have no formal leaders.

  • Tribal Societies: Larger groups with a bit more organization, but still without a government.

  • Chiefdoms: Societies where one person (a chief) has more power over others.

  • Bigman: A leader who gets power through respect and generosity, not through inheritance.

  • Conflict Mediation Among Different Societies: How different cultures solve disputes and conflicts.

  • Bureaucracy: A system of government with many levels of administration and rules.

  • State Society: A complex society with a central government and laws.

  • Role of Political Stability: How a stable government helps society function smoothly.

  • Yanomamö Warfare: The study of conflict and violence among the Yanomamö people of South America.

  • Theory on Issues of Power: How power is distributed and used in society.

  • Middle Precariat Role: The growing group of people in unstable or low-wage jobs.

  • Gig Economy: Jobs that are temporary or freelance, like driving for Uber or freelancing.

  • Functionalist Theory: The idea that all parts of society work together to keep things stable.

  • Social Stratification: The division of society into different layers or classes.

  • Achieved Status: A position in society earned through actions or accomplishments.

  • History and Study of Race: Understanding how race has been viewed and studied throughout history.

  • Study of Modern Genetics, Ethnicity, and Globalization: How genetics and the movement of people affect the way we understand race, identity, and culture today.

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