Cultural Relativism: The idea that we should understand people’s beliefs and actions based on their own culture, not judge them by our own.
Sydemics: The study of how diseases spread in human societies.
Subfields of Anthropology: Different areas of study in anthropology like cultural, physical, and archaeology.
Ethnocentrism: The belief that your own culture is the best and judging other cultures based on that.
Moral Relativism: The idea that moral rules are not the same for everyone, but depend on culture and society.
Society: A group of people who share common laws, traditions, and customs.
Importance of Anthropology and the Workforce: Understanding people and cultures can help in many jobs, like helping businesses work better in different countries.
Human Relations Area Files (HRAF): A collection of information about different cultures to help study human behavior.
Etic and Emic Perspectives:
Etic: Looking at a culture from the outside.
Emic: Looking at a culture from the inside, how people in the culture see it.
Anthropology’s Ethical Concerns: The moral issues anthropologists face, like respecting cultures and people they study.
Different Styles of Interviews:
Formal: Structured, planned questions.
Informal: Casual, unplanned conversation.
Structured: Fixed questions for all people.
Semi-structured: Some questions are fixed, but others can be added during the interview.
Symbol: Something that stands for something else, like a flag or a word.
Transculturation: When cultures influence each other and blend together.
Ethnobotany: The study of how people use plants for medicine, food, and other purposes.
Cultural Adaptation: How people change to fit their environment or new situations.
Biological Adaptations: How humans change physically to survive in different environments.
The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis: The idea that the language you speak shapes how you think.
Haptics: The study of touch in communication.
Linguistic Anthropology: The study of language and how it connects to culture.
Phonemes: The smallest sounds in a language.
Pidgin: A simplified language that develops between people who don’t share a common language.
Dialect: A variety of a language spoken in a specific region.
Code-Switching: Changing your language or style of speaking based on who you are talking to.
Non-verbal Communication: Communication without words, like body language or facial expressions.
Morphemes: The smallest units of meaning in a language.
Language Development: How people learn to speak and understand language.
Foraging: Hunting, fishing, and gathering wild food.
Horticulture: Growing small gardens of crops with simple tools.
Pastoralism: Raising animals for food, like cattle or sheep.
Food Getting Strategies: The different ways people get their food, like farming, hunting, or gathering.
Marcel Mauss’ Theory: The idea that gifts create social ties and people feel the need to give something in return.
Importance of User Experience Research: Studying how people use things (like websites or apps) to make them better.
Economics: The study of how people make and spend money.
Potlatch: A big feast where people give away gifts to show their wealth and power.
Distribution: How goods and services are shared or spread out in a society.
Role of Peasants: Farmers who work the land and produce food for society.
Role of Horticultural and Foraging Societies: Small-scale societies that grow crops or gather wild food.
Balanced Reciprocity: Giving and receiving gifts or favors in a fair and equal way.
Band Societies: Small, simple groups of people that work together and have no formal leaders.
Tribal Societies: Larger groups with a bit more organization, but still without a government.
Chiefdoms: Societies where one person (a chief) has more power over others.
Bigman: A leader who gets power through respect and generosity, not through inheritance.
Conflict Mediation Among Different Societies: How different cultures solve disputes and conflicts.
Bureaucracy: A system of government with many levels of administration and rules.
State Society: A complex society with a central government and laws.
Role of Political Stability: How a stable government helps society function smoothly.
Yanomamö Warfare: The study of conflict and violence among the Yanomamö people of South America.
Theory on Issues of Power: How power is distributed and used in society.
Middle Precariat Role: The growing group of people in unstable or low-wage jobs.
Gig Economy: Jobs that are temporary or freelance, like driving for Uber or freelancing.
Functionalist Theory: The idea that all parts of society work together to keep things stable.
Social Stratification: The division of society into different layers or classes.
Achieved Status: A position in society earned through actions or accomplishments.
History and Study of Race: Understanding how race has been viewed and studied throughout history.
Study of Modern Genetics, Ethnicity, and Globalization: How genetics and the movement of people affect the way we understand race, identity, and culture today.